美国经济金融化对收入不平等的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 04:24

本文选题：美国经济 + 金融化　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪70年代以来,全球金融业开始迅速崛起,尤其是80年代以后,美国的金融行业经历了快速发展的阶段,金融交易规模不断扩大,经济和金融的关系日益密切。随着金融发展越来越深入,“金融化(Financialization)"这一概念也随之被提出。美国的金融化进程在80年代里根经济政策的刺激下加速发展,金融部门的力量不断发展壮大,其利润增长速度、就业人数增长均超过其他经济部门,金融机构信贷规模扩大了近26倍,金融行业对GDP的贡献程度也几乎翻了一番。同时,不管是个人消费者还是国民经济中的其他非金融部门,对金融部门和金融市场的依赖性越来越大,1970年至2012年个人消费贷款增长了21倍,非金融部门源于金融市场的收入增长了52倍,而同期营业收入仅增长了14倍。由此可见,经过40年的发展,金融化在美国已经颇为深入。与美国的金融化发展相伴随的是收入差距的不断扩大。1970年以来,美国家庭的基尼系数增长了21%,财富也越来越聚集于少数富裕家庭。很多学者对产生这种收入不平等的原因进行了分析和解释,原因涉及经济增长、全球化、技术进步、工会力量等各方面,甚少关注金融化这一因素,大部分研究金融化对收入不平等影响的文献也是着眼于世界范围内不同国家之间的比较,尤其是针对发展中国家,对美国的专门研究较少。然而,美国金融化的发展和基尼系数的增长在时间上的吻合不容忽视,因此,本文选择将金融化这一因素引入到收入不平等的研究中来。论文在分析美国金融化现状和整理相关文献的基础上,通过定性方法分析了金融化对收入不平等的影响途径以及可能产生的结果,得出了金融化与收入不平等可能存在非线性关系的假设。为了对这一假设进行验证,本文选取1970-2012年的时间序列数据,利用误差修正模型对金融化与收入不平等的关系进行了实证检验,结果证明美国经济金融化与收入不平等之间存在倒“U”型关系,这与定性分析的结论相一致。本文的结构安排如下：第一章分析了研究背景,提出了金融化的定义,即金融部门在经济社会中的重要性逐步提高和非金融部门越来越多的参与金融活动,同时也论述了本文的研究思路和方法等；第二章对金融化相关理论以及文献进行了整理和评价,集中在对外文文献的梳理；第三章剖析了美国经济金融化的现状,并从理论上分析了金融化对收入不平等产生影响的途径和影响结果；第四章针对第三章得出的定性分析结果,运用时间序列数据和误差修正模型对金融化与收入不平等之间的关系进行了实证检验。结果证明,美国经济的金融化与收入不平等之间呈倒“U”型关系。第五章为总结部分,对论文结论进行总结的同时,简要分析了中国的金融化趋势以及可以从美国借鉴的经验和启示。
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s , the global financial industry has begun to rise rapidly , especially since the 1980s , the financial industry of the United States has experienced rapid development , the scale of financial transactions is expanding , and the relationship between economy and finance has become more and more closely . With the deepening of financial development , the concept of Financial alization is also put forward . The American financial process accelerated development under the stimulus of Reagan ' s economic policy in the 1980s , the power of the financial sector grew , its profit grew faster , the number of employment grew more than nearly 26 times , and the financial sector ' s contribution to GDP was almost doubled . At the same time , the financial sector ' s contribution to GDP grew by 21 times , while the non - financial sector grew by a factor of 14 times in 1970 - 2012 . From this , the financial sector has grown deeply in the United States after 40 years of development . Compared with the US financial development , the income gap has been expanding . Since 1970 , the number of households in the United States has increased by 21 % , and wealth has become more and more concentrated in a few rich families . Many scholars have studied and explained the causes of the inequality of income . The most part of the research on the effects of finance on income inequality is also aimed at the comparison between different countries in the world , especially for developing countries , with little special study on the United States . Based on the analysis of the current situation of American finance and the related literatures , this paper analyzes the influence ways of financial transformation on income inequality and the possible results , and then concludes the relationship between financial and income inequality through qualitative analysis . The results show that there is a " U " relationship between financial and income inequality in the United States , which is consistent with the conclusion of qualitative analysis .

The structure of this paper is as follows : Chapter 1 analyzes the background of research , puts forward the definition of finance , that is , the importance of the financial sector in the economy and society and the increasing participation of the non - financial sector in financial activities .
In the second chapter , the relevant theories of finance and the literature are collated and evaluated , which is focused on the carding of foreign literatures ;
The third chapter analyzes the current situation of the American economy and finance , and theoretically analyzes the ways and the influence result of the financial impact on income inequality .
In chapter 4 , according to the qualitative analysis results obtained in chapter 3 , the relationship between financial and income inequality is empirically tested by using time series data and error correction model .
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F837.12;F171.2

【参考文献】