福建省农村信用社农户小额信贷信用风险的控制研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 15:38

本文选题：福建省 + 农户小额信贷　；参考：《福建农林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为农村扶贫的一种有效工具,农户小额信贷受到了社会各界的普遍关注。农户小额信贷能够有效缓解农民贷款难问题,并积极促进农业增收和支持农村经济的发展。可是,随着农户小额信贷业务的不断增加,以及其自身所带有的一些特质,使得农村信用社在发放农户小额信贷的过程中面临着比一般贷款更高的信用风险。至2012年底,全国金融机构涉农贷款不良率达到2.4%,农村信用社涉农贷款不良率达到5.4%。就福建省的情况来看,到2012年末,商业银行的平均不良贷款率为1%,福建省农村信用社的不良贷款率1.21%,依然高于平均水平。目前,福建省大部分地区的农村信用社主要是凭借信贷人员的主观工作经验来定性分析、识别以及管理信用风险。如何运用农户贷款的相关资料,从定性分析向定量分析转变,构建科学合理的信用评价体系,是一个既有现实意义又有经济意义的课题。本研究首先界定了农户、农户小额信贷、信用风险这三个基本概念,并且阐述了信息不对称理论的相关内容。其次,在分析借鉴了国外小额风险管理的模式的基础上,介绍了目前我国小额信贷风险管理的手段。然后,解析了福建省农村信用社小额信贷现状及面临的风险类型,并探究其小额信贷信用风险产生的根源。接着,在实证分析中,从农户基本特征、偿债能力、家庭经营状况、贷款状况以及信誉状况五个大类中选取了22个农户信用评分指标。并且根据福建福清、福安和清流三个地区农村信用社305个贷款农户的个人贷款档案和个人信用信息档案的相关数据,运用logistic模型分析影响农户信用的显著性因素,从而构建福建农户信用评价指标体系。实证结果表明,logistic模型能够有效评估小额信贷农户的信用风险,其准确率达到86.23%。本研究将logistic信用模型得出的信用基本分与农户信用卡和贷款情况分相加得到最终信用分,从而强调了农户的信用记录。同时,本研究提出了构建系统的农信社小额信贷贷后信用风险控制体系,解决贷款以后怎么办的问题,主要是从实行信息公示制度、规范小额信贷五级分类标准和加强贷后监督审查三个方面来控制信用风险的产生。
[Abstract]:As an effective tool for poverty alleviation in rural areas, micro-credit of farmers has received widespread attention from all walks of life. Farmers' microfinance can effectively alleviate the problem of farmers' loan, and actively promote agricultural income and support the development of rural economy. However, with the continuous increase of the micro-credit business of farmers and its own characteristics, rural credit cooperatives are facing higher credit risk than ordinary loans in the process of extending micro-credit to farmers. By the end of 2012, the agricultural loans of financial institutions and rural credit cooperatives had reached 2.4% and 5.4% respectively. As far as Fujian Province is concerned, by the end of 2012, the average non-performing loan rate of commercial banks was 1 and the non-performing loan rate of Fujian rural credit cooperatives was 1.21, which was still above the average level. At present, rural credit cooperatives in most areas of Fujian Province mainly rely on the subjective work experience of credit personnel to qualitatively analyze, identify and manage credit risks. How to make use of the relevant data of farmers' loans, from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis, and to construct a scientific and reasonable credit evaluation system is a subject of both practical and economic significance. This paper first defines the three basic concepts of peasant household, farmer micro-credit and credit risk, and expounds the relevant contents of information asymmetry theory. Secondly, on the basis of analyzing and drawing lessons from the model of foreign micro-risk management, this paper introduces the current methods of micro-credit risk management in China. Then, it analyzes the present situation and risk types of micro-credit of rural credit cooperatives in Fujian Province, and probes into the origin of micro-credit risk in Fujian Province. Then, in the empirical analysis, 22 farmers' credit scoring indexes are selected from five major categories: household basic characteristics, solvency, household management, loan status and credit status. According to the relevant data of the personal loan files and personal credit information files of 305 rural credit cooperatives in Fuqing, Fuan and Qingliu areas of Fujian Province, this paper uses logistic model to analyze the significant factors that affect the credit of rural households. In order to construct Fujian farmers credit evaluation index system. The empirical results show that logistic model can effectively evaluate the credit risk of micro-credit farmers, and its accuracy is 86.23. In this study, the credit score derived from logistic credit model is added to the credit card and loan situation of farmers to obtain the final credit score, which emphasizes the credit history of farmers. At the same time, this study puts forward a systematic credit risk control system for micro-credit lending in rural credit cooperatives, which solves the problem of how to do after the loan, mainly from the implementation of the information publicity system. Regulating the five-level classification of microfinance and strengthening the supervision and examination after lending to control the emergence of credit risk.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.35

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