流动性剧变下的我国商业银行流动性管理

发布时间：2018-06-05 15:58

本文选题：流动性管理 + 流动性过剩　；参考：《江西财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：流动性风险被视为商业银行"最致命的风险",对商业银行的稳健运营和经济金融体系的安全稳定都会产生重要影响。2013年6月的"钱荒"使得流动性一直相对充裕的中国银行体系直面流动性风险的巨大挑战,商业银行的流动性管理问题再一次成为学术界和实务界广泛热议的话题。"钱荒"的产生固然有各种各样的原因,但整体而言离不开利率市场化的大背景。随着利率市场化的不断推进,市场逐步成为资金配置的主要手段,利率也逐渐由资金的需求和供给决定,商业银行负债稳定性显著降低,资产证券化步伐加快,商业银行资产负债期限结构管理和准确预测现金流的难度都在加大。银行体系的流动性过剩和流动性不足可能会频繁出现和相互转换,流动性风险发生的概率大大提高。在现阶段我国金融市场化改革的大背景下,流动性过剩和流动性不足产生的原因是极为复杂的,既有商业银行自身的因素,也受到宏观经济金融形势、金融行业体制、产业结构、财政和货币政策等多方面的影响。流动性过剩和流动性不足对商业银行经营管理产生了不同影响,并对其流动性管理提出了更高要求。互联网金融的兴起为我们观察利率市场化推进过程中的商业银行流动性管理提供了一个有利窗口。互联网金融正以独特的方式推动着利率市场化最后也是最为艰难的环节——存款利率的市场化。互联网金融蓬勃发展使商业银行存款显著减少,存款结构趋于活期化,存款稳定性降低,资产流动性管理难度增加。与此同时,互联网金融体系内部的流动性风险也容易扩散到商业银行体系,对商业银行的流动性管理造成一定挑战。在流动性急剧变化的背景下,商业银行的流动性风险日益成为一种综合性风险,其影响也不局限于银行体系而日益对实体经济产生巨大冲击。加强商业银行的流动性管理需要政府部门、监管当局和商业银行自身多方联动,共同推进。就商业银行自身而言,要不断增强流动性管理的意识,提高主动管理流动性的能力,建立多元化的负债管理结构,增强流动性管理的技术手段。对于监管当局而言,要加快流动性监管制度改革,设置更加科学合理的流动性监管指标,引导商业银行健全流动性风险管理体系,充分发挥金融监管部际联席会议作用。政府部门则应当尽快推动实现利率市场化,加快推出存款保险制度,同时强化金融领域的深化改革,推进金融市场体系建设。各方共同努力,提高商业银行流动性管理水平,提升金融体系抵御流动性风险的能力。
[Abstract]:Liquidity risk is regarded as the "deadliest risk" for commercial banks, which will have an important impact on the sound operation of commercial banks and the safety and stability of the economic and financial system. The "money shortage" in June 2013 has made liquidity relatively abundant China's banking system faces the huge challenge of liquidity risk, Once again, the liquidity management of commercial banks has become a hot topic in academic and practical circles. " Although there are various reasons for the emergence of the money shortage, the overall interest rate marketization can not be separated from the background. With the development of interest rate marketization, the market gradually becomes the main means of capital allocation, the interest rate is determined by the demand and supply of funds, the stability of commercial banks' liabilities is reduced significantly, and the pace of asset securitization is accelerated. The management of term structure of assets and liabilities of commercial banks and the difficulty of accurately predicting cash flow are becoming more and more difficult. The excess liquidity and illiquidity of the banking system may occur frequently and change with each other, and the probability of liquidity risk will be greatly increased. Under the background of the current financial marketization reform in China, the causes of excess liquidity and lack of liquidity are extremely complicated, both commercial banks themselves and the macroeconomic and financial situation, the financial industry system, Industrial structure, fiscal and monetary policy and other aspects of the impact. Excess liquidity and insufficient liquidity have different effects on the management of commercial banks, and put forward higher requirements for liquidity management. The rise of Internet finance provides a favorable window for us to observe the liquidity management of commercial banks in the process of interest rate marketization. Internet finance is pushing the interest rate marketization in a unique way. With the rapid development of Internet finance, the deposits of commercial banks have been reduced significantly, the structure of deposits has tended to be current, the stability of deposits has decreased, and the management of assets liquidity has become more difficult. At the same time, the liquidity risk within the Internet financial system is easy to spread to the commercial banking system, which poses a certain challenge to the liquidity management of commercial banks. Under the background of the rapid change of liquidity, the liquidity risk of commercial banks is becoming a kind of comprehensive risk day by day, and its influence is not limited to the banking system and has a great impact on the real economy day by day. To strengthen the liquidity management of commercial banks, government departments, regulatory authorities and commercial banks themselves need to work together to promote liquidity management. As far as commercial banks are concerned, they should constantly strengthen their awareness of liquidity management, improve their ability to actively manage liquidity, establish a diversified structure of debt management, and strengthen the technical means of liquidity management. For the regulatory authorities, it is necessary to speed up the reform of the liquidity supervision system, set up more scientific and reasonable liquidity supervision indicators, guide commercial banks to improve the liquidity risk management system, and give full play to the role of the inter-ministerial joint meeting on financial supervision. Government departments should push forward the marketization of interest rate, accelerate the introduction of deposit insurance system, strengthen the deepening reform of financial field, and promote the construction of financial market system. All parties work together to improve the liquidity management level of commercial banks and enhance the ability of the financial system to withstand liquidity risks.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.33

【参考文献】