中国对外直接投资与产业结构调整关系研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 03:24

本文选题：对外直接投资 + 产业结构调整　；参考：《中共中央党校》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际金融危机后，世界经济进入低速增长期，各国纷纷进行体制改革。改革开放三十多年来，中国对外直接投资从小到大，并在近十年保持高速增长，它的发展是否促进了国内产业结构调整？在深化改革的今天，中国经济形势错综复杂，产业结构战略性调整任重而道远，对外直接投资能否，或者如何成为产业结构调整的重要推动因素，是非常值得研究的问题。本文分析了中国对外直接投资的发展态势。在规模方面，绝对规模呈不断扩大趋势，相对规模依然偏小。在结构方面，中国对外直接投资行业非常广泛，但相对集中于租赁和商务服务业、采矿业、批发零售业和金融业；投资地区分布不平衡，主要集中在亚洲和拉丁美洲；投资主体更加多元化，虽然国有企业仍居主体地位，但其占比逐渐减小，更多中小企业参与对外直接投资。本文回顾了中国产业结构调整的历史演进。自改革开放以来，，中国三次产业的产值结构呈合理化趋势，就业结构逐渐优化。第三产业快速发展，运输、零售、住宿和餐饮等劳动密集型行业所占比重较大，而银行、证券、保险和房地产等资本和技术密集型行业所占比重较小。制造业整体规模庞大，技术水平不高，仍处在全球产业链的中低端，少数产业表现优异。对中国产业结构调整而言，人均GDP超过5000美元、生产要素结构得到改善等是有利因素，而生产要素成本不断上升、自主创新能力不足、区域统筹协调难度大是面临的挑战。在分析产业结构调整的演进规律与影响因素的基础上，本文探讨了对外直接投资影响产业结构调整的机制，并构建出产业结构调整效应测度指标，通过灰色关联分析方法发现，租赁和商务服务业、制造业、交通运输、仓储和邮政业等市场寻求型对外直接投资能够有效促进国内产业结构优化；采矿业等自然资源寻求型对外直接投资是国内产业结构优化的重要保障；技术寻求型对外直接投资对产业结构优化的效果暂时不明显；金融业对外直接投资对产业结构优化不显著。在理论与实证研究的基础上，本文从宏观和微观两个层面给出政策建议，以期中国对外直接投资能更好地促进产业结构调整。
[Abstract]:After the international financial crisis, the world economy has entered a period of low-speed growth, countries have carried out institutional reforms. Since the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, China's foreign direct investment (FDI) has grown from small to large and maintained a high growth rate in the past ten years. Has its development promoted the adjustment of domestic industrial structure? With the deepening of the reform, China's economic situation is complicated, the strategic adjustment of industrial structure is a heavy task, whether foreign direct investment, or how to become an important driving factor of industrial structure adjustment, is a question worth studying. This paper analyzes the development trend of China's foreign direct investment (OFDI). In terms of scale, the absolute scale continues to expand, the relative scale is still small. In terms of structure, China's OFDI industry is very extensive, but relatively concentrated in leasing and business services, mining, wholesale, retail and financial sectors, the distribution of investment is uneven, mainly in Asia and Latin America; Although state-owned enterprises still occupy the main position, the proportion of them decreases gradually, and more small and medium-sized enterprises participate in foreign direct investment. This paper reviews the historical evolution of industrial structure adjustment in China. Since the reform and opening up, the output value structure of the three industries in China has been rationalized and the employment structure has been gradually optimized. The rapid development of the tertiary industry, transport, retail, accommodation and catering and other labor-intensive industries accounted for a large proportion, while banking, securities, insurance and real estate and other capital and technology-intensive industries accounted for a small proportion. The overall scale of manufacturing industry is large, the level of technology is not high, still in the middle and low end of the global industrial chain, a few industries perform well. For the adjustment of China's industrial structure, the per capita GDP is more than 5000 US dollars, and the structure of production factors is improved. However, the cost of production factors is rising constantly, the ability of independent innovation is insufficient, and the difficulty of regional coordination is a challenge. On the basis of analyzing the evolution law and influencing factors of industrial structure adjustment, this paper discusses the mechanism of FDI influencing industrial structure adjustment, and constructs the measure index of industrial structure adjustment effect. Leasing and business services, manufacturing, transportation, warehousing and postal services, such as market seeking foreign direct investment can effectively promote the optimization of domestic industrial structure; Foreign direct investment (FDI) based on natural resources, such as mining industry, is an important guarantee for the optimization of domestic industrial structure, while the effect of technology-seeking FDI on the optimization of industrial structure is not obvious for the time being. Foreign direct investment in the financial industry is not significant in optimizing the industrial structure. On the basis of theoretical and empirical research, this paper gives policy recommendations from the macro and micro levels, hoping that China's foreign direct investment (FDI) can better promote the adjustment of industrial structure.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.6;F121.3

【参考文献】