西部地区农村金融效率的实证研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 20:32

【摘要】：作为一个农业大国,“三农”问题一直是影响着我国经济发展和社会稳定的重要因素,特别是西部较落后地区的“三农”问题更显严峻。西部地区受自然地理环境局限,经济发展也相对落后很多,经济的城乡二元化程度很高,长期存在资源匮乏和金融市场发展滞后的现象。所以,要想西部地区农村经济得以发展,必须依靠金融的支持。1999年,我国先后出台了两部指导西部大开发的纲领性文件,为西部经济发展点明了重点；2009年,中央一号文件更是强调了农村地区的金融投入的方向,可见国家对于西部农村新农村建设支持力度逐年增高。可是,伴随着国家对西部地区农村金融投入的日益增加,西部农村地区落后的农村金融市场是否能够将所得资源物尽其用,是否能够通过有效率的金融市场运作,使得农村金融支持农村建设,促进西部地区农村经济发展,提高西部地区农民的收入水平,这成为了急需要探讨的问题。本文首先从西部地区农村经济和金融两个方面分析了西部地区农村的现状,再利用DEA数据包络分析方法,将西部地区各个省、直辖市和自治州的农村金融机构从业人员、农村金融业固定资产投入、财政支农和农业贷款作为投入,将农村居民人均GDP、农村居民家庭人均纯收入和农村居民家庭平均每人消费支出作为产出,进行数据分析。分析得出：影响我国西部地区农村金融技术效率的主要是西部地区农村金融纯技术效率和规模效率。在趋势上,西部地区农村金融技术效率总的来说是递增的,其中纯技术效率保持不变,规模效率递增。在初步探讨了西部地区农村金融效率之后,本文又继续分析西部地区农村金融的具体影响因素。将农村技术效率设为因变量；将二元对比系数、农村存贷比、农业GDP、农村固定资产投入、农村人均消费收入比、农村教育水平和农村养老保险覆盖率作为自变量,进行回归分析。得出：城乡二元化程度、农业GDP、农村存贷比、农村养老保险覆盖面对西部地区农村金融效率有显著影响。其中西部地区城乡二元程度是对西部地区农村金融效率影响最大,表明西部地区城乡二元化已经严重影响到西部地区农村金融的进一步发展；农村养老保险覆盖面是除城乡二元化程度之外对西部地区农村金融效率影响最大的因素,它的扩大可以有效促进西部地区农村金融效率的提升；农村存贷比在一定程度上代表着农村金融资源的分配,西部地区是否存在“系统性负投资”的现象,对于西部地区农村金融效率有着一定的影响；农业GDP代表着一个地区农村的经济发展水平,经济水平的高低对农村金融效率有着很重要的影响。最后,农村固定资产投入、农村消费收入比和农村劳动力文化水平是对西部地区农村金融效率不显著的影响因素,但对于西部地区农村金融效率还有存在一定的影响。最后,本文提出七点政策建议,即改善西部地区城乡二元经济结构、提高西部农村固定资产投入、完善西部地区农村金融体系、创新西部地区农户融资方式、进一步扩大西部地区农村养老保险覆盖范围、提高西部地区农村劳动力文化水平和加强西部地区政府的金融监督力度。
[Abstract]:As an agricultural country, the "three rural" problem has always been an important factor affecting the economic development and social stability of our country, especially the "three rural" problems in the backward areas of the western region. The western region is limited by the natural geographical environment, the economic development is relatively backward, the economic development of urban and rural two is very high and has long existed. The lack of resources and the lagging of the development of the financial market. Therefore, in order to think of the development of the rural economy in the western region, we must rely on the support of the financial support for.1999 years. China has issued two programmatic documents to guide the development of the western region. In 2009, the central No. 1 document emphasized the rural areas. The direction of financial investment shows that the country's support for the construction of the new rural rural areas is increasing year by year. However, with the increasing investment in the rural finance in the western region, whether the backward rural financial market in the western rural areas can make the best use of the resources and be able to operate through an efficient financial market. Making the rural finance supporting rural construction, promoting the development of the rural economy in the western region and raising the income level of the farmers in the western region, this has become an urgent problem to be discussed. Firstly, this paper analyzes the current situation of the rural areas in the western region from two aspects of the western rural economy and finance, and then uses the DEA data envelopment analysis method to make the western region. The employees of rural financial institutions in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous prefectures, the investment in fixed assets of rural financial industry, financial support for agriculture and agricultural loans are used as inputs to analyze the per capita GDP of rural residents, the per capita net income of rural households and the average consumption expenditure of rural households as output. The technical efficiency of rural financial technology in Western China is mainly the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the rural finance in the western region. In the trend, the rural financial technical efficiency in the western region is increasing, in which the pure technical efficiency remains unchanged and the scale efficiency is increasing. After the preliminary exploration of the rural financial efficiency in the western region, this paper We also continue to analyze the specific factors of rural finance in the western region, and set up the rural technical efficiency as the dependent variable; the two yuan comparison coefficient, the rural savings and loan ratio, the agricultural GDP, the rural fixed assets input, the rural per capita consumption income ratio, the rural education level and the rural old-age insurance cover rate as independent variables, the regression analysis is carried out, and the urban and rural areas are analyzed. The degree of two yuan, agricultural GDP, rural loan ratio and rural endowment insurance coverage have a significant impact on the rural financial efficiency in western regions. The two yuan degree of urban and rural areas in the western region has the greatest impact on the rural financial efficiency in the western region, which indicates that the two yuan transformation of the urban and rural areas in the western region has seriously affected the further development of the rural finance in the western region. The coverage of rural endowment insurance is the most important factor that affects the rural financial efficiency in western regions except the degree of urban-rural two. Its expansion can effectively promote the promotion of rural financial efficiency in the western region. The ratio of rural savings and loans represents the distribution of rural financial resources to a certain extent, and whether there is a "systemic negative" in the western region. The phenomenon of investment has a certain influence on the rural financial efficiency of the western region; the agricultural GDP represents the economic development level of the rural areas, the level of the economy has a very important influence on the rural financial efficiency. Finally, the rural fixed assets investment, the rural consumption and income ratio and the rural labor culture level are the western regions. There are not significant factors affecting the rural financial efficiency in the region, but there is still some influence on the rural financial efficiency in the western region. Finally, this paper puts forward seven policy suggestions, that is, to improve the two yuan economic structure in the western urban and rural areas, to improve the investment in the western rural fixed assets, to improve the rural financial system in the western region, and to innovate the farmers in the western region. The way of financing is to further expand the coverage of rural old-age insurance coverage in the western region, improve the cultural level of the rural labor force in the western region and strengthen the financial supervision of the government in the western region.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.35

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