我国私人银行业务风险管理分析

发布时间：2018-07-30 07:36

【摘要】：私人银行业务起源于16世纪的瑞士，当时的发展理念是为了使富裕人士达到资产保值的愿望。而目前兴起的私人银行业务并不只局限于这一种功能。私人银行是银行理财业务中最高端的一种，它的服务对象与银行传统业务所面对的客户大有不同。私人银行业务专门面向富裕阶层，为他们提供资产投资与管理业务，，最低入门标准为100万美元以上的金融资产。私人银行业务凭借着其高额利润，吸引着很多国家的银行开设私人银行业务部，在国际上具有很深的影响力。在第一家瑞士私人银行成立之后，相继有美国花旗银行、德意志银行、荷兰银行、东亚银行、汇丰银行等推出私人银行业务。目前，私人银行业务在国际上已经属于发展较为成熟的面向富裕人士的资产管理业务。而我国私人银行业务起步较晚，主要是由于我国经济发展特点、人们的传统家庭观念和风险厌恶的偏好，所以直到2007年我国才出现私人银行业务。在这一业务领域的开拓进程中，中国银行成为了第一个“吃螃蟹”的，2007年该行在北京和上海两地同时推出私人银行业务。紧接着，各大国有银行（工行、建行、农行、交行）和一些股份制银行（中信、招商、民生）均推出私人银行业务。在我国私人银行业务的服务对象也为高净值客户，各大银行入门标准均有不同；但是服务内容大同小异，既包括使资产增值的金融服务，也包括税收规划、遗产继承、出国旅行、子女出国教育、艺术品、奢侈生活等内容。在将近7年的发展里，我国私人银行客户数量逐年增长，管理的金融资产也是相当可观的，已达到16.5万亿。在我们庆幸私人银行成效卓越的同时，也发现了我国私人银行发展也面临着许多问题，例如风险管理不够完善、产品设计过于单一、客户忠诚度不高、专业人才相对匮乏、发展模式过于模糊、服务方式不太完善等问题。其中风险管理不完善是重中之重，私人银行面临的主要风险是操作风险、声誉风险和合规风险；而新巴塞尔协议指出私人银行首先面临的是三大营运风险（信用风险、市场风险、操作风险）、其次面临的是声誉风险、合规风险、流动性风险等。所以本文就结合商业银行相关风险管理理论对我国私人银行业务的风险管理做一点研究，同时结合2013上半年中国建设银行的风险管理现状找出我国私人银行风险管理存在的问题，并结合国际上汇丰私人银行、荷兰私人银行，从国际国内两个方面探讨一下如何提升我国私人银行的风险管理能力。本文第一章是引言部分，主要介绍了研究背景、目的与意义。本文第二章就商业银行相关风险管理理论和私人银行相关业务进行一个全面的论述，主要商业银行面临的各种风险以及理论；其次介绍一下私人银行的业务、特征和面临的风险。第三章将介绍国外私人银行是怎样进行风险管理的。首先对汇丰私人银行的业务方式进行一定的研究、并指出其存在的优点；其次再对汇丰私人银行的风险管理进行介绍；介绍完汇丰私人银行后，再有针对性的对荷兰私人银行的风险管理经验做出介绍，最后对我国如何开展私人银行业务做出一定的启示。第四章我将介绍我国私人银行业务的发展现状，同时以建设银行为例介绍一下风险管理的现状与问题。最后一章也就是第五章对我国私人银行风险管理提出一点建议。文章指出可以从五个方面对私人银行的风险管理提出建议，其一是将产品组合多样化，服务模式更加完善，这样才能使私人银行业务基本层面得到客户的满足，增加客户忠诚度；其二要加强对私人银行从业人员的素质培养，努力提升全行业的业务素质，只有从源头上提高从业人员的业务素质，才能更好的降低各种风险；其三是完善相关法律法规，使监管更加有效，这样才能做到有法可依，防止合规风险的发生；其四是把客户信息登记制度进一步完善，并对客户进行市场细分，这样才能达到私人银行业务的范围扩大；其五是要完善私人银行内部风险管理机构，职责分工更加明确。总的来说，本文的创新点在于结合商业银行相关风险管理理论，从更细的方面对我国私人银行业务风险管理提出来一点建议、同时结合最新案例建设银行指出了我国私人风险管理的现状。所以我希望能通过自己的这一点研究，对我国私人银行业务的风险管理起到一定的帮助。
[Abstract]:Private banking, which originated in Switzerland in sixteenth Century, was designed to enable rich people to achieve the desire to preserve assets. The current private banking business is not limited to this function. Private banks are the top end of the bank's financial business, and its clients and customers face the traditional banking business. The private banking business specializes in the rich class and provides them with asset investment and management. The minimum entry standard is more than $1 million in financial assets. The private banking business, with its high profit, attracts many countries' banks to open private banking department, which has a deep influence in the world. After the establishment of the first Swiss private bank, Citibank, Deutsche Bank, the Bank of Holland, the Bank of East Asia, and HSBC have launched private banking. At present, the private banking business has become a more mature asset management business for wealthy people in the world.
The private banking business in China started relatively late, mainly due to the characteristics of our economic development, people's traditional family concept and the preference of risk aversion, so it was not until 2007 that the private banking business appeared in our country. In this field, the Bank of China became the first "eat crab", and in 2007 the bank was in Beijing and The private banking business is launched at the same time in Shanghai. Then, the private banking business is launched by all major state-owned banks (ICBC, CCB, agricultural bank, Bank of Agriculture) and some joint-stock banks (CITIC, inviting, people's livelihood). In our country, the service object of the private banking business in our country is high net value customers, and the major banks have different introductory standards; but the service content is big. The same small difference, including the financial services to increase the value of assets, including tax planning, inheritance, travel abroad, children's education abroad, art, luxury and other contents. In the development of nearly 7 years, the number of private bank customers in China has increased year by year, and the management of financial assets is considerable, and has reached 16 trillion and 500 billion.
While we are glad that private banks have achieved excellent results, we also find that the development of private banks in China is also faced with many problems, such as inadequate risk management, too single product design, low customer loyalty, relatively lack of professional talents, too vague development model, not perfect service mode and so on. The main risk that private banks face is operational risk, reputation risk and compliance risk. The new Basel agreement points out that private banks are first faced with three major operational risks (credit risk, market risk, operational risk), followed by reputation risk, compliance risk, liquidity risk and so on. The related risk management theory of the Bank of industry has done a little research on the risk management of private banking business in China. At the same time, combining with the risk management status of China Construction Bank in the first half of 2013, we find out the problems in the risk management of private banks in China, and combine the international HSBC Private Bank and the private bank of Holland to explore the two aspects from the international and domestic aspects. How to improve the risk management ability of private banks in China.
The first chapter is the introduction part, which mainly introduces the research background, the purpose and the significance. The second chapter of this paper makes a comprehensive discussion on the related risk management theory of commercial banks and the related business of private banks, the risks and theories of the main commercial banks. Secondly, it introduces the business, characteristics and the wind of private banks. The third chapter will introduce how the foreign private banks do risk management. First, a certain study of the business mode of HSBC Private Banks is made, and the advantages of it are pointed out. Secondly, the risk management of HSBC Private Banks is introduced. After the introduction of HSBC Private Bank, the private bank of Holland is further targeted. In the fourth chapter, I will introduce the current situation of the development of private banking in China, and introduce the current situation and problems of risk management with the Construction Bank as an example. The last chapter is the fifth chapter to put forward the risk management of private banks in China. The article points out that the risk management of private banks can be suggested from five aspects. One is to diversify the product portfolio and improve the service model. In this way, the basic level of the private banking business can be satisfied by the customer, and the customer loyalty is increased; and the second is to strengthen the quality of the personnel of the private bank. Efforts should be made to improve the professional quality of the whole industry. Only by improving the professional quality of the employees from the source can the various risks be reduced better, and the third is to improve the relevant laws and regulations so as to make the supervision more effective so that the law and the compliance risk can be prevented, and the four is to further improve the system of customer information registration, and In order to improve the scope of private banking, the fifth is to improve the internal risk management institutions in private banks, and the division of responsibilities is clearer.
In general, the innovation point of this paper is to combine the related risk management theory of commercial banks and give some suggestions on the risk management of private banking in China from a finer aspect. At the same time, the latest case construction bank has pointed out the status of private risk management in China. Risk management in human banking helps to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.2

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