我国区域金融效率测度及效率差异研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 16:37

【摘要】：在西部大开发的背景下,西部地区取得了众多金融资源,使自己的金融产业得到了跨越式的发展。但是众多学者仍然认为中国金融发展存在巨大差距。有学者认为,西部地区金融结构单一、发展潜力大,金融资源该往西流动。有学者认为沿海地区金融效率高、效益高,而资金总会朝着利润高的地区流动。这也产生了诸多矛盾。金融发展存在差异已成事实,金融资源该如何进行宏观分配?在如今金融资源分配的格局下,中国区域的金融效率如何?金融效率的高低,不仅反应了金融资源的配置效果,更是反映了金融落后地区能否赶上去,是否能缩小东西差距,这具有重大意义。本文继承众多学者的观点,采用金融效率三分论的概念,并将金融效率分为微观、中观、宏观层面。定义微观层面效率为:银行等金融类市场主体的经营效率;中观层面效率为:金融行业的发展效率;宏观层面效率为:金融要素的配置效率。本文先基于中观视角,使用考虑松弛变量的网络DEA模型(NSBM模型),对各地金融业发展效率进行了测度,并按照“量”与“质”的要求(沈军,2006),将金融业发展效率分解成“规模创造阶段效率”与“利润产生阶段效率”,探究效率形成的“黑箱”,以及结合面板Tobit模型考察了其影响路径[1]。研究发现:第一,各地区金融业发展效率大体上按照“东高西低”特征分布,但效率值的绝对差异呈现出明显的收敛态势;第二,对金融业发展效率的分解表明,多数地区属于“规模创造阶段效率不高、利润产生阶段效率较高”类型,行业利润创造能力的贡献最大;第三,人均GDP、产业结构、市场化程度和政府干预都显著促进了金融业效率提升,但金融资源丰裕度却恰好相反。因此,实施适宜禀赋的金融改革与发展策略,推进金融业向效益提升转型,有助于缩小各地区金融业效率差距。又基于宏观层面的视角,利用我国2005-2014期间省级面板数据,运用考虑坏产出的的NSBM模型,来测度各地区金融业配置效率,并按照“量”与“质”的要求将金融业配置效率分解为“资源获取阶段效率”和“资源配置阶段效率”,在此基础上运用面板Tobit模型考察各地金融业配置效率差异的影响因素、并分析了异化路径。研究发现:第一,金融配置效率高的地区更集中与开放、快速发展中的地区,例如上海、内蒙古、重庆。金融资源获取效率集中在经济发达地区第二,政府干预有效的减少了金融部门的盲目性,使资金能更有效的配置到生产部门,产生更大的社会效益。作者最后指出:第一,金融配置效率与发展效率在地域上分布是不同的,配置效率高的地区更集中与开放、快速发展的地区,而发展效率高的地区集中在经济发达地区。第二,政府干预会影响金融业发展效率下的“利润产生阶段效率”,但是从资源配置角度,政府干预可能会产生了较高的社会效益,增加了资源的配置效率。第三,区域金融资源越多,金融部门发展越好;但是当金融发展水平过高时,金融配置效率将降低,也就是说金融部门不一定把这些资源都能有效率的投入到生产部门当中。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the great development of the western region, the western region has made a lot of financial resources and made its own financial industry develop by leaps and bounds. However, many scholars still believe that there is a huge gap in China's financial development. Haiti's financial efficiency is high and the efficiency is high, but the capital always flows toward the region with high profit. This also brings about many contradictions. The differences in financial development have become a fact. How should financial resources be allocated macroscopically? Under the current pattern of financial resources allocation, what is the financial efficiency of China's region? The financial efficiency not only reflects the financial efficiency. The allocation effect of financial resources reflects whether the financial backward areas can catch up and narrow the gap between the East and the west, which is of great significance. Firstly, this paper uses the network DEA model considering relaxation variables (NSBM model) to measure the development efficiency of financial industry in different places, and according to the requirements of "quantity" and "quality" (Shen). Jun, 2006, decomposes the efficiency of financial industry development into "efficiency in the stage of scale creation" and "efficiency in the stage of profit generation", explores the "black box" of efficiency formation, and examines its impact path with the panel Tobit model [1]. The absolute difference of efficiency value shows an obvious convergence trend; secondly, the decomposition of the development efficiency of the financial industry shows that most of the regions belong to the type of "low efficiency in the stage of scale creation, high efficiency in the stage of profit generation", and the contribution of the industry's profit creation ability is the largest; thirdly, GDP per capita, industrial structure, degree of marketization and government intervention are all factors. Therefore, the implementation of appropriate endowment financial reform and development strategies to promote the transformation of the financial sector to enhance efficiency will help narrow the gap in the efficiency of the financial sector in various regions. NSBM model considering bad output is used to measure the allocation efficiency of financial industry in different regions. According to the requirements of "quantity" and "quality", the allocation efficiency of financial industry is divided into "resource acquisition stage efficiency" and "resource allocation stage efficiency". On this basis, panel Tobit model is used to examine the impact of the differences in allocation efficiency of financial industry in different regions. First, the areas with high efficiency of financial allocation are more centralized and open, and the areas with rapid development, such as Shanghai, Inner Mongolia and Chongqing. The efficiency of financial resources acquisition is concentrated in the economically developed areas. At last, the author points out that: firstly, the distribution of financial allocation efficiency and development efficiency is different in different regions, the areas with high allocation efficiency are more concentrated and open, and the areas with rapid development, while the areas with high development efficiency are concentrated in the economically developed areas. The third is that the more regional financial resources, the better the development of the financial sector; but when the level of financial development is too high, the efficiency of financial allocation will be reduced, that is to say, the financial sector. It is not always possible to put these resources into productive sectors efficiently.
【学位授予单位】：重庆工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832

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