多目标环境下工程机械回收产品关键信息确定方法及流向决策研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 08:40

本文关键词：多目标环境下工程机械回收产品关键信息确定方法及流向决策研究　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着全球经济的迅速发展,环境污染越来越严重,人们生活质量受到严重影响。绿色环保能源、绿色生产方式等越来越受重视,在工业生产中,政府和企业在再制造领域的投入越来越大,对其学术性研究也被正式纳入国家项目。再制造起源于四十年代的美国,最先应用于汽车发动机,继而在工程机械行业得到逐步应用。工程机械体积大、质量大、结构件多、关键零部件附加值高,在工程机械制造行业中大力发展再制造有更加广阔的发展空间。但在工程机械再制造实际操作中,由于回收产品在全生命周期内,大量信息贯穿在产品研发、工艺流程、检查检验、出厂销售、运输、用户使用、环境工况、保养服务、故障维修、回收利用直到报废的整个过程中,主机厂家对回收产品的关键信息没有统一的标准来确定,同时对关键信息的获取也存在一定困难。同时,主机厂家、代理商等在再制造过程中扮演的角色不同,对关键信息的关注也不尽相同,在不同条件下回收的旧机处理方法和流向也不同。本文首先介绍了逆向物流再制造背景,再制造研究发展情况以及存在的相关问题：目前国内各大工程机械制造厂商更多的关注于传统的正向物流,对逆向物流或再制造的关注度远远不够；对回收产品关键信息不确定及信息获取困难；信息管理和网络的不完善使回收产品信息的追溯难以实现。对回收产品按工作状况分为早期、稳定期和后期故障阶段,并根据各故障阶段故障形式做详细分析、分类,结合再制造修复方法、原则和工艺,进而得到各阶段的关键信息。分析了国内外旧机流向情况、再制造业情况并提出存在的主要问题：如工程机械回收产品返厂的物流费用高昂；旧机评估与检测无标准可以参照；厂家与客户对价格预期有较大差异；市场上仍在使用的主机关键信息没有查询途径；国家没有针对工程机械再制造业务的特殊税收政策做支持；售后标准怎样执行,没有相关国家规定和标准；产品在最初设计时就未考虑回收等相关问题；再制造产品的定价没有标准等。针对这些问题,提出解决方案：改变客户接受度,获得政府政策支持,建立各种标准和回收信息追溯系统等。再对旧机流向做出相应分析。随后通过加权分值和等级评定,将传统旧机回收定价的定性或凭感觉的形式,转变为量化的分值和等级,为回收产品流向预决策和回收定价提供初步技术指导。对于进入预再制造流程的回收产品,在考虑产品再制造成本及经济性的基础上,引入价格比变量——寿命系数。基于成本控制,为零件、部件、整机的可再制造性评价提供支撑,修正回收产品流向预决策中因不确定因素引起的误差,为回收产品流向终决策提供依据。最后,总结本文的主要结论,并对进一步需要开展或完善此项工作提出展望。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of global economy, more and more serious environmental pollution, people's quality of life has been seriously affected. Green energy, green production, more and more attention in the industrial production, the government and enterprises in the manufacturing field of investment more and more, the academic research has been formally incorporated into the national project. Remanufacturing in 40s originated in the United States, the first application in automobile engine, which has been applied gradually in the construction machinery industry. Construction machinery of large size, quality, structure, key parts of high added value, developing and manufacturing have a more broad development space in the engineering machinery manufacturing industry. But in engineering machinery manufacturing in actual operation, due to the recovery during the whole product life cycle, a large amount of information throughout the product development process, inspection, factory sales, transportation, use, environmental conditions, Paul Support service, maintenance, the whole process of recycling until scrapped, manufacturers of key information on the recovery of products there is no uniform standard to determine, at the same time to obtain key information is difficult. At the same time, manufacturers, different agents play in the process of remanufacturing role, the key information of concern not the same, the old machine processing method and flow recovery under different conditions are also different. This paper firstly introduces the background of reverse logistics of remanufacturing, remanufacturing research and development and related problems: the current major domestic engineering machinery manufacturers pay more attention to the traditional logistics, or on Remanufacturing Reverse Logistics concerns is far from enough; the key information and the uncertainty of recycling product information acquisition difficulties; imperfect information management and network information to back recycling products difficult to achieve. According to the working condition of recycling products is divided into early stage and late stage of stable fault, and make a detailed analysis, according to the fault phase fault classification, combined with the remanufacturing repair method, principle and process, and then get the key information of each stage. The old machine at home and abroad are analyzed to flow, the situation of remanufacturing industry and put forward the main problems: such as construction machinery product recovery depot logistics cost; evaluation and detection of the old machine without standard reference; manufacturers and customers have great differences in price expectations; the market is still in the host key information using query no way; not for national tax policy and special engineering machinery manufacturing business support customer service standards; how to perform, no relevant state regulations and standards; issues related to recovery is not considered in the initial design and manufacture products; product pricing is not standard Quasi. To solve these problems, proposed solutions: change the customer acceptance, access to government policy support, the establishment of various standards and recycling information traceability system. Then make a corresponding analysis of the old machine flow. Followed by weighting and grading, the traditional qualitative old machine recycling pricing or feel the form change the score and grade of quantification and provide preliminary technical guidance for the recovery and recycling of the product to the pre decision for product pricing. The recovery into the pre remanufacturing process, remanufacturing considering product cost and economy on the introduction of price compared to variable -- life coefficient. Based on cost control, for parts, components, the machine can be manufacturing evaluation provides support and recovery products to the pre decision correction error due to uncertain factors, provide the basis for the recovery of the product to the final decision. Finally, summarized the main conclusions of this paper And to further need to carry out or improve the prospect of this work.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F426.4;F713.2

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