我国对外贸易对城乡收入差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 17:13

本文关键词：我国对外贸易对城乡收入差距的影响研究　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自1978年改革开放以来,我国对外贸易的地域范围和商品种类不断扩大,时至今日已取得举世瞩目的成绩。然而,在对外贸易推动我国经济持续增长的同时,我国收入差距问题却不容乐观,特别是城乡收入差距。十八届三中全会提出,要让广大农民平等参与现代化进程、共同分享现代化成果。因此,缩小城乡收入差距成为我国亟待解决的现实问题。本文尝试从对外贸易的角度来研究其对城乡收入差距的影响。最早系统研究对外贸易与收入差距理论的是Hechscher与Ohlin提出的H-O理论。在此基础上,Stolper和Samuelson又提出了S-S定理。本文在前人研究的基础上,结合我国城乡二元结构特征,梳理了对外贸易影响我国城乡收入差距的四大主要途径,即商品价格、技术进步、政策形成以及经济增长。同时,通过对对外贸易与城乡收入差距的描述性统计分析,深入了解了二者的演变特征:从1978年的改革开放至今,我国对外贸易整体发展快速,但区域发展极不平衡,东部对外贸易程度显著高于中西部地区;城乡收入差距也是经历了先缩小后扩大再缩小的过程,虽然近几年呈下滑态势,但仍然处于高位;并且分三大区域比较来看,西部地区差距最大、中部次之、东部最小。其显著的区域特征表明,有必要分区域探讨对外贸易对城乡收入差距的影响。在实证部分,本文利用我国省级面板数据,采用外贸依存度作为解释变量,泰尔指数衡量的城乡收入差距为被解释变量,同时,选取经济发展水平、产业结构、财政支出、受教育程度与金融发展等五大控制变量,从全国、东部、中部以及西部四个层面分别建立面板回归模型。实证结果表明,就整体而言,我国对外贸易加剧了城乡收入差距的扩大,且三大区域的影响从大到小依次为东部、中部、西部,外贸依存度每提高1%,泰尔指数分别提高0.19%、0.18%、0.04%。为了进一步探讨出口和进口是否对城乡收入差距的影响存在异质性,本文又分别使用出口依存度和进口依存度与泰尔指数进行面板回归建模,结果发现,对于东部地区而言,出口对城乡收入差距的正向影响要强于进口,出口依存度和进口依存度每提高1%,泰尔指数分别提高0.24%和0.12%;对于中部地区而言,对外贸易主要通过进口扩大城乡收入差距,进口依存度每提高1%,泰尔指数提高0.20%,出口在在各种因素综合作用下并不显著;对于西部地区而言,进口依存度每提高1%,泰尔指数提高0.09%,出口依存度每提高1%,泰尔指数则会下降0.05%。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up in 1978, the regional scope of foreign trade and the variety of commodities have been continuously expanded, and today has achieved remarkable results. While foreign trade promotes the sustained economic growth of our country, the problem of income gap in China is not optimistic, especially the income gap between urban and rural areas. The third Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee proposed that the broad masses of farmers should participate in the modernization process on an equal footing. Share the fruits of modernization. Narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas has become a real problem to be solved urgently in our country. This paper attempts to study its influence on the income gap between urban and rural areas from the perspective of foreign trade. He is the earliest systematic research on the theory of foreign trade and income gap. H-O theory proposed by chscher and Ohlin. Stolper and Samuelson also put forward the S-S theorem. Based on the previous studies, this paper combines the characteristics of urban and rural dual structure in China. Combing the four main ways of foreign trade affecting the income gap between urban and rural areas, namely, commodity prices, technological progress, policy formation and economic growth. Through the descriptive statistical analysis of foreign trade and urban-rural income gap, the author deeply understands the characteristics of their evolution: from 1978 to now, the overall development of foreign trade in China has been rapid. However, the regional development is extremely unbalanced, and the degree of foreign trade in the east is significantly higher than that in the central and western regions. The income gap between urban and rural areas has also experienced the process of first narrowing and then expanding and then narrowing. Although in recent years there is a downward trend, it is still in a high position. The difference between the western regions is the largest, the central region is the second, and the eastern part is the smallest. It is necessary to explore the impact of foreign trade on the income gap between urban and rural areas. In the empirical part, this paper uses the provincial panel data, foreign trade dependence as an explanatory variable. The urban-rural income gap measured by the Thiel index is explained variable, at the same time, select the economic development level, industrial structure, financial expenditure, education level and financial development of the five control variables, from the whole country, the east. The empirical results show that, on the whole, China's foreign trade has aggravated the widening of urban-rural income gap. And the influence of the three regions from big to small in order of eastern, central, western, foreign trade dependence each increase by 0.19%, the Tyr index increased 0.18%. In order to further explore whether there is heterogeneity in the impact of export and import on the income gap between urban and rural areas, this paper respectively uses export dependence and import dependence and Thiel index to model panel regression. The results show that, for the eastern region, the positive impact of export on urban-rural income gap is stronger than that of import, and the degree of export dependence and import dependence increases by 1%. The Tyr index increased by 0.24% and 0.12, respectively. For the central region, foreign trade mainly expands the income gap between urban and rural areas through import. With the increase of import dependence, the Tyr index increases by 0.20, and the export is not significant under the combined effect of various factors. For the western region, for each increase in the import dependency, the Tyr index increases by 0.09, and the export dependency increases by 1, and the Tyr index decreases by 0.05.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752;F124.7

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