金砖五国金融服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 18:24

本文关键词：金砖五国金融服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着世界整体格局的改变与经济秩序的调整,新兴经济体在全球贸易中扮演着越来越重要的角色,以中国、巴西、印度、俄罗斯和南非作为代表的"金砖五国"成长前景良好,备受世界的关注。近年来,"金砖五国"金融市场的对外开放程度不断提高,金融服务贸易得到了迅猛的发展,并很大程度上带动了本国的经济水平。尽管发展势头良好,由于起步较晚、本国金融市场自由度不高等因素的限制,"金砖五国"金融服务贸易的国际竞争力水平无论从质量上还是数量上相较于世界发达国家还有一定的差距。因此,研究中国及其他金砖国家金融服务贸易的真实状况,并利用国际竞争力有关指标进行科学评价具有重要意义。本文首先回顾了相关经典文献,对金融服务贸易、国际竞争力的基本概念进行了界定,并引入国际竞争优势理论,建立了以国际市场占有率(MS)指数、贸易竞争力(TC)指数以及显性比较优势(RCA)指数为主体的国际竞争力评价体系。然后,结合UNCTAD数据库中2005-2015年中国、巴西、印度、俄罗斯、南非五国金融服务贸易进出口数据,基于MS指数、TC指数与RCA指数对"金砖五国"金融服务贸易的发展现状及国际竞争力情况进行了对比与分析。结果显示,"金砖五国"的金融服务贸易国际竞争力普遍较弱,且发展较不平衡。其中,印度在金融服务贸易国际市场占有率、显性比较优势等指标上表现出比其他四国更强的竞争力;南非则在金融服务贸易竞争力指标上呈现一枝独秀的态势;中国的金融服务贸易各项指标虽呈现出逐年攀升的态势,但在与其他四个经济体的比较重处于较弱的地位,国际市场的占有率仍然很低、金融服务贸易净进口的本质仍然没有改变、国际竞争力仍然比较弱。之后,在波特"钻石模型"的理论基础上,本文对"金砖五国" 2005-2015年的面板数据进行实证分析。选取各国金融服务贸易出竞争力(TC)指数作为被解释变量,各国普通高等学校入学率、城镇化率、互联网普及率、FDI依存度、货物贸易出口额、金融市场集中度及金融服务贸易开放度作为解释变量,采用固定模型xtgls回归分析的方法探讨这七个因素对"金砖五国"金融服务贸易国际竞争力的实际影响程度。实证结果显示,选取的七个自变量中,一国金融服务贸易开放度对该国金融服务贸易出口额的影响最为显著,金融服务贸易开放度与金砖国家的金融服务贸易竞争力TC指数呈正相关关系,且相关系数为67.962。这意味这提高国家的金融服务贸易开放水平可以很大程度上增强该国的金融服务贸易国际竞争力。由此可见,政府因素对于一国竞争力具有最为显著的因果关系。同时,城镇化率、互联网普及率、FDI依存度及金融市场集中度也与金融服务贸易TC指数正相关,相应变量的增加均能在一定程度上提高一国的金融服务贸易国际竞争力。而另一方面,高等学校入学率及货物贸易出口额与因变量呈现出负相关关系,表明增加一国货物贸易的出口额与提高普通高等学校入学率可能在一定程度上导致该国金融服务贸易国际竞争力水平的降低。因此,政府应注意在一定程度上控制货物商品贸易的出口总量与增长速度,并适度调节普通高等学校的入学比率。最后,基于实证分析得到的结论,本文对提升我国金融服务贸易国际竞争力提出四点建议,即:加大金融市场的开放水平,推进金融服务贸易自由化;优化金融服务贸易结构,增强金融服务出口优势;大力培养金融业人才,优化人才培养模式;加强与其他金砖国家的合作,共同提升金融服务贸易竞争力。
[Abstract]:With the overall pattern of change and economic order adjustment, emerging economies in the global trade plays an increasingly important role in Chinese, Brazil, India, Russia and South Africa as the representative of the "BRICs" growth prospects, has attracted worldwide attention. In recent years, the opening degree of BRICs finance the market continues to improve, financial services trade has been developed rapidly, and is largely driven by the country's economic level. Despite the good momentum of development, because of the late start, domestic financial market is not high degree of freedom and other factors, the international competitiveness of the BRIC countries in financial services trade from both quality and quantity compared with the developed countries there is still a certain gap. Therefore, the research China and other BRIC countries trade in financial services in the real situation, and the use of relevant indicators of international competitiveness The scientific evaluation has important significance. This paper firstly reviews the classical literature, trade in financial services, the basic concept of international competitiveness is defined, and the introduction of international competitive advantage theory, established by international market share (MS) index, trade competitiveness comparative advantage index (TC) and dominant (RCA) International Competitiveness Evaluation system as the main index. Then, combined with the UNCTAD database in 2005-2015 China, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa five financial service trade import and export data, based on the MS index, TC index and RCA index of development and international competitiveness of the BRICs trade in financial services were compared and analyzed. The results showed that "generally weak international competitiveness of financial services trade, and the BRICs development is not balanced. Among them, India in the financial service trade international market share revealed comparative advantage to The subject showed stronger competitiveness than other countries in South Africa; financial services trade competitiveness index showing a thriving trend; the indicators of China financial service trade is showing a rising trend, but in comparison with the other four economies heavy at a weak position, the international market share is still very low, the essence of financial service trade import has not changed, the international competitiveness is still relatively weak. Then, based on the theory of Potter's "Diamond Model", based on the panel data of the BRICs 2005-2015 empirical analysis. Selected countries financial service trade competitive index (TC) as explanatory variables all countries, ordinary higher school enrollment rate, the rate of urbanization, the Internet penetration rate, the dependence of FDI, exports of goods trade, financial market concentration and financial service trade opening degree as explanatory variables, Using the method of fixed xtgls regression analysis to study the degree of the seven factors the actual effect on the international competitiveness of the BRIC countries in financial services trade. The empirical results show that the seven variables selected, a country's financial service liberalization of the country's financial service trade on export volume is the most significant, trade in financial services the opening degree of TC index was positively correlated with the competitiveness of financial service trade in the BRIC countries, and the correlation coefficient is 67.962. which means to improve the country's financial service trade openness can greatly enhance international competitiveness of financial service trade in the country. Thus, the government has the most significant causal relationship for the competitiveness of a country. At the same time. The rate of urbanization, the Internet penetration rate, FDI dependence and concentration of financial markets and financial services trade is positively related to TC index, the corresponding variables are added To improve the international competitiveness of financial service trade in a country in a certain extent. On the other hand, the higher school enrollment rate and the trade in goods exports and the dependent variable has a negative correlation, indicated that the increase of exports in goods trade and improve the college entrance rate to a certain extent, reduce the level of China's financial services trade competitiveness. Therefore, the government should pay attention to the export amount and speed control of the goods trade to a certain extent, and moderate the ordinary higher school enrollment ratio. Finally, based on the result of empirical analysis, this paper puts forward four suggestions to improve the international competitiveness of China's financial services trade is increase the opening of the financial market, promote the liberalization of trade in financial services; financial services trade structure optimization, enhance the financial service export advantage; vigorously develop the financial industry We should optimize the training mode of talents, strengthen cooperation with other BRIC countries and jointly improve the competitiveness of financial services trade.

【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.68

【参考文献】