中国存在资源诅咒吗:自然资源禀赋对进出口、产业结构和城镇化率的影响

发布时间：2018-03-05 10:28

本文选题：资源诅咒　切入点：进出口　出处：《山东财经大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自然资源禀赋是一个国家经济发展的物质基础。赫克歇尔-俄林的要素禀赋理论认为要素禀赋的丰裕与否决定了要素的价格不同,而要素价格的不同是国际间贸易的产生原因,因此每个国家应专门生产密集使用本国丰裕生产要素的商品,以在国际贸易中获利;大卫李嘉图的比较优势理论也倡导各国要生产具有生产优势的产品,以便在国际贸易中赢得绝对优势和相对优势,而自然资源的丰裕与否决定了一国的产品是否优势。一个国家在发展本国的经济时,首先关注的也是本国的自然资源禀赋情况,优先发展可开发利用的丰裕资源相关产业,以便积累优势进而发展其他产业,可以说自然资源禀赋是一个国家经济发展的基础,自然资源禀赋对经济发展的各个方面都具有深远的影响。自然资源禀赋,也即自然资源的丰裕情况,是经济发展的必需物质条件。自然资源丰裕的地区,会优先发展与丰裕资源相关的产业和产品;自然资源贫乏的地区,也必然会用其他资源替代贫乏自然资源以弥补不足,这促使自然资源禀赋分布不同地区形成了不同产业结构。因而,自然资源禀赋的丰裕与否在很大程度上决定了该地区的产品结构、产业结构,同时也会影响地区经济的其他方面,例如:进出口、城镇化进程等。但自然资源禀赋对于经济发展的作用却是双重的。一方面丰裕的自然资源可以大力促进经济的发展,但是在经济发展到一定阶段,自然资源却是阻碍经济发展的因素,许多自然资源丰裕地区的经济发展速度反而不如自然资源贫乏的地区,这种现象被称为“资源诅咒”。中国在经历了三十多年的改革开放后,经济得到了长足发展,其中自然资源开发的贡献不可小觑,但是,中国的经济增长是否也出现了“诅咒”?国内学者进行了大量研究,众多学者证实中国经济在很大程度上存在资源诅咒;但同时,也有学者也存在不同的看法,论证后认为中国并未出现“资源诅咒”。“资源诅咒”问题的讨论众说纷纭,但绝大多数学者讨论的关键仅在资源对经济增长速度的影响上,而并未关注其中经济的具体方面。因此本文试研究:对于中国而言,自然资源禀赋对经济的微观具体方面,例如进出口、产业结构、城镇化等,会产生怎样的作用?是促进还是阻碍?只有综合讨论自然资源禀赋对这些方面的影响,才能全面的认识自然资源禀赋对经济发展的多重影响,综上所述,本文研究的重点是在分析资源诅咒理论基础上,探究自然资源禀赋对中国经济几个典型方面的影响,这几个方面包括:进出口、产业结构、城镇化水平。并且为了明确区位影响,划分了东部、中部和西部地区,比较分析和探究自然资源禀赋在中国各省经济的具体发展中是阻碍还是促进了经济的发展,以及在多大程度上产生影响。通过对全国25个省的实证分析表明,自然资源禀赋和地区的进出口总体存在正向关系,自然资源开发力度的提高能够促进进出口的增加,但在东部地区出现阻碍作用。通过对自然资源禀赋和产业结构的关系分析,实证结果显示自然资源丰裕度的提高阻碍了产业结构的优化,自然资源禀赋和产业结构之间存在负向关系,但在中部地区存在正向关系。本文还对自然资源禀赋和城镇化的关系进行了实证分析,分析表明自然资源禀赋的提高促进了城镇化率的提升,两个变量之间存在正相关关系。
[Abstract]:Natural resources is a national economic development foundation. Heckscher Ohlin factor endowment theory considers factors endowment and determines the different elements of the price, and the price is the reason of different elements of international trade, so that each country should specialize in the production of the intensive use of their abundant factors of production of goods, in order to profit in international trade; David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage also urged countries to produce the production advantage of the products, in order to win the absolute advantage and comparative advantage in international trade, and natural resource abundant margin determines a country's product advantage. A country in the development of national economy, natural resources endowment first concern is the country, giving priority to the development of related industries can be developed using abundant resources, so as to accumulate advantages and the development of other industries, can be said that since the Natural resources endowment is the foundation of a country's economic development, has a profound impact on the economic development of various natural resources. The natural resource endowment, the abundance of natural resources, is the necessary material conditions for economic development. With abundant natural resources, abundant resources and will give priority to the development of related industries and products; poor in natural resources in the region, will also use other resources instead of lack of natural resources to make up for the lack of the natural resource distribution in different regions to form the different industrial structure. Therefore, natural resource endowment and largely determines the product structure, the region's industrial structure, but also affect other for example, the regional economy: import and export, the process of urbanization. But the endowment of natural resources for economic development, the role is twofold. On the one hand the abundant natural resources To vigorously promote the development of the economy, but in the economic development to a certain stage, the factors of natural resources is to hinder the development of economy, a lot of natural resources in the affluent areas the pace of economic development rather than the natural resource poor areas, this phenomenon is called "resource curse". Chinese after more than thirty years after the reform and opening up, economic the rapid development of natural resources, which contribute to the development should not be overlooked, however, is China economic growth also appeared in "Curse"? Domestic scholars have done a lot of research, many scholars have confirmed that there Chinese economic resource curse to a great extent; but at the same time, some scholars have different views, that argument does not appear Chinese "resource curse". "The discussion Public opinions are divergent. resource curse" problem, but most of the scholars discussed the key only in resources for economic growth Effect, and not focus on specific aspects of the economy. So try this study: for China, natural resource endowment on economic micro specific aspects, such as import and export, industrial structure, urbanization, will produce what kind of effect? Promote or hinder? Only affect the natural resource endowment on these aspects of the comprehensive discussion of multiple effects on economic development to a comprehensive understanding of the natural resource endowment to sum up, the focus of this paper is based on the analysis of the resource curse theory, explore the impact of natural resources on economic China typical aspects. These aspects include: import and export, industrial structure, urbanization level. And in order to clarify the impact of location division of the eastern, central and western regions, the comparative analysis and Research on natural resource endowment in the development of economy in China provinces is still hinder the promotion of economic development The exhibition, and the impact on the extent. Through empirical research on the country's 25 provinces analysis shows that there is a significantly positive relationship between the natural resources and the area of the whole import and export of natural resources, improve development efforts can promote the increase of import and export, but in the East back. Through the relationship between the endowment of natural resources and the industrial structure analysis, the empirical results show that natural resource abundance increased hinder the optimization of the industrial structure, there is a negative relationship between natural resource endowments and industrial structure, but there is a positive relationship in the central region. The relationship of natural resource and urbanization through the empirical analysis, analysis shows that natural resources improve promoted to improve the urbanization rate, there is a positive correlation between the two variables.

【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F124.5;F752.6;F121.3;F299.21

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