基于关税内生化理论的大豆进口关税政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 20:25

本文选题：关税内生化理论　切入点：利益集团　出处：《上海海关学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化趋势的发展,国际贸易越来越受到世界各国的重视,近些年来,国家间贸易水平不断提升,发展较为迅速;但是由于各国在不同程度上对农产品采取贸易保护政策,尽管农产品贸易作为国际贸易的一个分支,发展却相对缓慢。与此同时,作为全球最大经济体的美国,新任总统特朗普在就职典礼上发表的“美国优先”论调,以及美国正式退出跨太平洋伙伴关系协定(TPP),种种迹象显示着贸易保护主义重新抬头。在这种背景下,通过分析我国大豆进口关税政策的决定因素,对于理解和评价现行政策有着十分重要的意义。关税内生化理论在分析各国贸易政策制定中有广泛的运用,该分析方法将政府行为个人化,把政府看作追求利益最大化的理性经济人,同时考虑各种利益集团的影响,探讨政府的最优贸易政策。本文运用关税内生化理论分析我国大豆进口关税政策,厘清影响我国大豆进口关税政策的重要因素和影响途径,探讨我国大豆进口关税的最优政策;通过分析1996-2015年我国大豆贸易的政策走向和实施效果,科学评价现行政策。基于关税内生化理论对大豆进口关税政策进行理论分析,可以看出影响政策制定的因素主要有政治利益、利益集团、大豆质量、生产资源禀赋和国际规则;具体影响途径表现为:政治利益、利益集团是大豆进口关税政策的增函数,随着大豆贸易保护程度的不断加强,政府和相关利益集团获得的收益不断提高;相反,大豆质量是进口关税政策的减函数,随着对大豆贸易保护程度的不断加强,大豆的质量反而下降;作为外部约束性条件,在生产资源禀赋和国际规则的影响下,提高大豆进口关税税率,对大豆进口实施贸易保护,有利于维护国内大豆产业,保障豆农利益。通过对我国大豆进口关税政策的模型分析,同时结合相关措施的实施效果,可以得出四点结论:一是现阶段我国大豆进口关税政策是一个不稳定的政策,主要表现为大豆进口关税税率较低,国外进口大豆的大量涌入严重威胁到国内大豆相关产业的发展;二是我国最优的大豆进口关税政策是对大豆实施贸易保护,提高大豆进口关税税率,从而限制大豆进口量,维护国内大豆产业的发展;三是大豆贸易保护要适度,进口关税税率并不是越高越好,表现为随着对大豆贸易保护程度的不断加强,大豆质量反而会逐渐降低,影响政府效用的实现。四是从大豆贸易政策的实施效果来看,我国大豆进口贸易保护政策形式比较单一,关税保护力度相对较低,非关税贸易壁垒显得尤为不足。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic globalization, international trade has been paid more and more attention by the world. In recent years, the level of trade between countries has been rising and developing rapidly. However, because countries adopt trade protection policies on agricultural products to varying degrees, although agricultural trade is a branch of international trade, the development is relatively slow. At the same time, the United States, as the world's largest economy, Against the backdrop of new President Trump's "America first" rhetoric at his inauguration and the formal withdrawal of the United States from the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement, there are signs of a resurgence of trade protectionism. It is of great significance to understand and evaluate the current policy by analyzing the determinants of soybean import tariff policy in China. The theory of tariff internalization has been widely used in the analysis of the trade policies of various countries. The analytical method personalizes the government's behavior and considers the government as a rational economic person who pursues the maximization of interests, and at the same time considers the influence of various interest groups. This paper analyzes the import tariff policy of soybean in China by using the theory of endogenous biochemistry of tariff, clarifies the important factors and influence ways of affecting the import tariff policy of soybean in China, and probes into the optimal policy of import tariff of soybean in China. By analyzing the policy trend and effect of soybean trade in China from 1996 to 2015, the current policy is scientifically evaluated. The import tariff policy of soybean is theoretically analyzed based on the theory of tariff internalization. It can be seen that the main factors influencing policy formulation are political interests, interest groups, soybean quality, endowment of production resources and international rules. The specific ways of influence are: political interests, interest groups are the increasing function of soybean import tariff policy, With the increasing degree of soybean trade protection, the government and related interest groups gain more and more profits. On the contrary, soybean quality is a function of import tariff policy, and the degree of trade protection to soybean is strengthened. As an external binding condition, under the influence of natural endowment of production resources and international rules, the tariff rate on soybean imports should be increased, and trade protection on soybean imports would be beneficial to the maintenance of the domestic soybean industry. Through the model analysis of the soybean import tariff policy in China and the effect of the relevant measures, we can draw four conclusions: firstly, the soybean import tariff policy of our country is an unstable policy at the present stage. The main manifestation is that the import tariff rate of soybean is low, the influx of imported soybeans from abroad seriously threatens the development of domestic soybean related industries, the second is that the best soybean import tariff policy of our country is to protect soybean trade. To increase the import tariff rate on soybeans, thereby limiting the amount of soybean imports and safeguarding the development of the domestic soybean industry; third, the soybean trade protection should be moderate, and the import tariff rate should not be the higher the better. It is shown that with the continuous strengthening of the degree of trade protection to soybean, the soybean quality will decrease gradually, which will affect the realization of the government utility. Fourthly, from the perspective of the effect of the implementation of the soybean trade policy, China's soybean import trade protection policy form is relatively single, the intensity of tariff protection is relatively low, non-tariff trade barriers are particularly inadequate.
【学位授予单位】：上海海关学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.7;F752.50;F752.61

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