政府购买养老服务的现状、困境以及对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 10:35

本文选题：政府购买　切入点：养老服务　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人口老龄化已经成为当今社会影响深远的趋势,快速到来的老龄社会给我国政府、人民都带来了多方面的负担和压力。预计到2050年,这个数据将达到4.83亿,届时每三个人中就有一个老年人。我国的养老问题备受国家、政府、人民等多方的关注。在整个养老体系中,养老服务关乎每一个老年人的服务需求。然而,中国养老服务的发展较之西方发达国家完善的养老服务还很薄弱。另外,随着加快政府职能转变的提出,管理型政府到服务型政府的过渡,政府开始注重购买服务。在这种情况下,政府购买养老服务成为提供养老服务的新型模式。现阶段,政府购买养老服务还处于起步阶段,虽然这种模式有一定的优势,但是运用于我国经济发展的水平上,出现了很多问题和困境。不同区域或是城乡都有着较大的差异,发展较好的也只有东部沿海经济发达的城市或地区,其他地区的发展仅仅停留于表面,并没有深入发展。并且在政府购买养老服务的过程中也出现了一些问题,这些问题阻碍着养老服务的供给,所以研究我国政府购买养老服务的现状、问题以及根据问题提出相应的对策建议很有必要。相比养老金、养老保险的研究,养老服务的研究非常有限,而对于政府购买服务的研究也仅仅涉及到大方面的公共服务,像是某种特定服务购买的研究也很有限。那么,研究政府购买养老服务可以指出现存试点中的问题,对今后政府购买养老服务有指导意义。本文通过对文献、二手数据以及具体案例的分析,阐述了政府购买养老服务的现状、困境和对策建议。本文还引入了英国的案例,分析了英国的政府购买养老服务的发展。英国作为西方发达国家,养老服务体系以及政府购买服务都有着完善地发展。英国的政府购买养老服务一直走在世界的前列,有一套较为完善的体系和机制,是世界上很多国家发展政府购买的样本。从英国政府购买养老服务的案例中,得出相应的经验,我国政府购买养老服务的发展可以适当借鉴。本文正文分为六大部分,分别是第一部分绪论,包括本文的研究背景与意义、文献综述、工具选择、创新与不足;第二部分我国政府购买养老服务的现状与前景,包括我国老龄化的状况,社会养老服务体系的构建历程,政府购买养老服务的发展现状以及发展前景;第三部分我国政府购买养老服务的困境分析,从购买主体三方困境阐述问题;第四部分英国政府购买养老服务的实践经验,主要从均衡区域发展、系统的管理制度、发展良好的社会组织以及完善的监督机制四个方面得出了经验;第五部分推进政府购买养老服务的对策建议,按照困境分析的框架给出了相应的对策建议;第六部分结语,主要对本文进行总结,提出创新点、局限性、以及今后应该努力的方向。
[Abstract]:The aging of the population has become a far-reaching social trend today. The rapid arrival of an aging society has brought many burdens and pressures to our government and people. By 2050, this figure is expected to reach 483 million. By then, there will be one elderly person in every three people. The pension problem in our country is of great concern to the state, the government, the people, and so on. In the whole pension system, the old-age service is related to the service needs of every elderly person. However, The development of pension services in China is still very weak compared with the perfect pension services in western developed countries. In addition, with the proposal of speeding up the transformation of government functions, the transition from a management-oriented government to a service-oriented government, The government has begun to pay attention to the purchase of services. In this case, the purchase of old-age services by the government has become a new model for providing old-age services. At this stage, the government is still in its infancy in purchasing old-age services, although this model has certain advantages. But at the level of economic development in China, there have been many problems and difficulties. There are great differences in different regions or between urban and rural areas, and only cities or regions with developed eastern coastal economies have better development. The development of other regions only stays on the surface, and does not develop in depth. And there are also some problems in the process of government purchasing old-age care services, which hinder the supply of old-age care services. Therefore, it is necessary to study the current situation, problems and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions of our government in purchasing old-age care services. Compared with the research on pension and old-age insurance, the research on old-age services is very limited. However, the research on government purchase of services only involves a wide range of public services, such as the study of the purchase of certain specific services. Well, the study of government purchase of pension services can point out the problems in the existing pilot projects. Through the analysis of literature, second-hand data and specific cases, this paper expounds the current situation, difficulties and countermeasures of government purchasing old-age care services. This paper analyzes the development of the government purchase of pension services in Britain. As a western developed country, the pension service system and the government purchase service of the United Kingdom have developed perfectly. The British government has always been in the forefront of the world in the purchase of pension services. There is a relatively perfect system and mechanism, which is a sample for many countries in the world to develop government purchases. From the cases in which the British government buys old-age care services, we can draw the corresponding experience. The main body of this paper is divided into six parts: the first part is the introduction, including the research background and significance of this paper, literature review, tool selection, innovation and insufficiency; The second part is about the current situation and prospect of government purchase of old-age care services, including the aging situation of our country, the course of construction of social old-age service system, the development status and prospects of government purchase of old-age care services. The third part is the dilemma analysis of our government purchasing old-age service, expatiating the problem from the three-way dilemma of purchasing main body; 4th part of British government's practical experience of purchasing old-age service, mainly from balanced regional development, systematic management system, Four aspects of developing good social organization and perfect supervision mechanism are obtained: part 5th, the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the government to purchase old-age care services, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions according to the framework of predicament analysis; part 6th, the conclusion, This paper summarizes the innovation points, limitations, and the future direction of efforts.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F719;F812.45;D669.6

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