快餐外卖配送路径方案研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 16:34

本文选题：快餐外卖　切入点：配送路径优化　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从2010年网络外卖订餐出现以来,快餐外卖在餐饮业中的比重逐步增大,成为餐饮业新生发展力量。在经历过萌芽期、发展期、扩张期的市场竞争之后,目前快餐外卖正在进入相对稳定的成熟期,企业之间的竞争已经转移向了提高服务水平和降低配送成本,更多的企业开始关注于配送服务的优化。合理的配送路径、完善的配送系统、灵活的应急预案等都是提高配送服务质量和降低配送成本的重要因素。本文就配送路径的相关问题展开研究,可以为快餐外卖行业的发展提供参考。本文基于餐饮企业自营外卖配送服务和第三方专业外卖平台提供外卖配送服务两种场景建立模型,重点考虑城市中路况复杂的实际情况,针对正常路况和拥堵路况,分别研究设计了不同的配送路径方案,并通过四个算例实验,证明了四个模型的合理性和可行性。首先,本文介绍了快餐外卖的相关背景知识,对研究的范围进行界定,确定了所研究的问题实质属于一类带有时间窗和需求量约束的VRP问题。其次,研究了餐饮公司自营快餐外卖配送的业务场景中的配送路径方案,分为正常路况和拥堵路况两种情况进行分析,分别建立数学模型,使用模糊时间窗描述客户的满意度,设定客户满意度最高、成本最小和总里程最小为优化目标,在拥堵路况中,使用了时变路网来对路况进行描述;然后使用了与问题相适应的编码方式并运用遗传算法对问题进行求解;最终通过两个建立在真实路网中的算例,使用Matlab编写算法程序求解模型,验证了模型的合理性和算法的有效性。再次,研究了第三方专业快餐外卖配送平台进行配送服务的场景中的路径方案,仍然分为正常路况和拥堵路况两种情况,建立两种情况下的数学模型,在前一场景中问题的基础上,将只进行送餐服务的配送过程扩充为在配送过程中既要取餐又要送餐的过程,增加符合本场景的约束条件,并将利润最大、客户满意度最高和总里程最小作为优化目标函数;然后使用相适应的编码方式,运用禁忌搜索算法进行求解;最终通过两个算例,经过求解验证了模型和算法合理有效。最后,对论文的主要工作及结论进行了总结,分析文章中所存在的不足,对今后的研究进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Since the emergence of online take-out in 2010, the proportion of fast food take-out in the catering industry has gradually increased, becoming a new development force in the catering industry. At present, fast food take-out is entering a relatively stable mature period. Competition among enterprises has shifted to improving service level and reducing distribution costs. More enterprises begin to pay attention to the optimization of distribution services. Perfect distribution system, flexible emergency plan and so on are the important factors to improve the quality of distribution service and reduce the cost of distribution. It can provide reference for the development of fast food take-out industry. Based on the two scenarios of self-service delivery service of catering enterprise and delivery service provided by third party professional take-out platform, this paper establishes a model, focusing on the complex road situation in the city. According to the normal and congested traffic conditions, different distribution route schemes are studied and designed, and the rationality and feasibility of the four models are proved by four examples. Firstly, this paper introduces the relevant background knowledge of fast food take-out. The scope of the study is defined, and the problem is determined to belong to a class of VRP problem with time window and demand constraints. Secondly, the distribution path scheme in the business scenario of self-service take-out delivery of fast food company is studied. It is divided into normal traffic condition and congested road condition to analyze, establish mathematical model separately, use fuzzy time window to describe customer satisfaction, set the highest customer satisfaction, minimum cost and minimum total mileage as the optimization goal. In congested traffic, the time-varying road network is used to describe the road condition; then the coding method suitable to the problem is used and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem. Matlab is used to write algorithm program to solve the model, which verifies the rationality of the model and the validity of the algorithm. Thirdly, the path scheme in the scene of the delivery service of the third-party professional fast food delivery platform is studied. Still divided into normal traffic conditions and congested traffic conditions, build two mathematical models, based on the problems in the previous scenario, The delivery process of only serving meals is extended to the process of both taking and delivering meals in the course of distribution, which increases the constraint conditions in accordance with this scenario, and takes the maximum profit, the highest customer satisfaction and the minimum total mileage as the optimization objective function. Finally, through two examples, the model and algorithm are proved to be reasonable and effective. Finally, the main work and conclusions of the paper are summarized. The deficiency of the paper is analyzed, and the future research is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F724.6;F719.3;F252

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