污染产品贸易会诱使环境规制“向底线赛跑”？

发布时间：2018-04-05 05:14

本文选题：“向底线赛跑”　切入点：污染产品　出处：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境问题不断“赢得”世界关注,国际贸易作为世界各国之间重要的经济活动,其对于各国环境污染与环境规制具有重要影响作用。改革开放近30多年来,我国国民经济获得了快速的发展,但同时我国环境也受了极大的破坏,传统的以过度开发和消耗资源对环境造成高污染特征的经济发展模式已不可持续。生活水平的不断提高,也改变了公众的环境保护观念,随着中国产业步入转型升级的发展阶段,环境要素作为经济可持续发展重要因素的地位日益凸显,如何实现环境保护和经济发展的共赢,是当今各国共同的关切,同时其也成为国际交流的重要和热点话题。国际贸易对于环境污染与环境规制具有重要影响作用,可能促使一国降低环境质量标准。本文建立分析污染产品贸易影响环境规制的计量模型,利用2001-2012年48个国家的跨国面板数据,结合系统GMM方法进行实证估计,结果表明,对所有样本国家,污染产品出口会引起环境规制“向底线赛跑”,而污染产品进口则会使环境成本转移到出口国,提高一国的环境规制水平;将样本国家分组估计结果保持稳健,“向底线赛跑”假说依然成立。人均收入与环境规制呈倒“U”型关系,环境规制随着人均收入水平的增加先严格后宽松;腐败和城市化对环境规制的影响,则依赖于所采用的实证方法。根据实证结果,提出相应的政策建议。坚持科学发展观,不断提高收入水平,培养和增强公众环保意识,在发展中合理解决环境问题。激励和加强技术创新,提升出口产品质量;优化贸易结构,降低污染产品出口,有利于环境质量改善。在推进城市化的过程中,必须树立正确的生态文明的观念。
[Abstract]:As an important economic activity among countries in the world, international trade plays an important role in environmental pollution and regulation.During the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the national economy of our country has been developing rapidly, but at the same time, the environment of our country has also been greatly damaged. The traditional economic development mode, characterized by over-exploitation and consumption of resources, has caused high pollution to the environment.The continuous improvement of living standards has also changed the public's concept of environmental protection. As China's industry has entered the stage of transformation and upgrading, the status of environmental factors as an important factor in sustainable economic development has become increasingly prominent.How to realize the win-win situation of environmental protection and economic development is the common concern of all countries, and it has also become an important and hot topic in international exchanges.International trade plays an important role in environmental pollution and environmental regulation, which may promote a country to lower environmental quality standards.In this paper, an econometric model is established to analyze the impact of environmental regulation on trade in pollution products. Using transnational panel data of 48 countries from 2001 to 2012, and combining with systematic GMM method, empirical estimates are made. The results show that, for all sample countries,The export of polluted products will cause environmental regulation to "race to the bottom line", while the import of polluting products will transfer the environmental costs to the exporting countries, and improve the level of environmental regulation of a country.The "race to the bottom" hypothesis remains true.The relationship between per capita income and environmental regulation is inverted "U". With the increase of per capita income, environmental regulation is strict first and then relaxed, while the influence of corruption and urbanization on environmental regulation depends on the empirical methods adopted.According to the empirical results, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.Adhere to the concept of scientific development, constantly improve the level of income, cultivate and enhance public awareness of environmental protection, in the development of reasonable solutions to environmental problems.Encouraging and strengthening technological innovation, improving the quality of export products, optimizing the trade structure and reducing the export of polluting products are beneficial to the improvement of environmental quality.In the process of promoting urbanization, we must set up the correct concept of ecological civilization.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F746;X32

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