中国稀土出口政策效果及替代性研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 15:31

本文选题：稀土　切入点：出口政策　出处：《内蒙古大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2012年3月,美国联合欧盟和日本,就中国对稀土等部分原材料的出口限制向WTO提起了贸易申诉。2014年8月7日,世界贸易组织公布了“稀土案”结果,判决中国败诉。那么我国的出口管制政策到底效果如何,下一步又该如何调整,是摆在我们面前迫切需要解决的问题。为了实现稀土产业可持续发展,中国政府实施了稀土出口管制政策。本文使用供给、需求弹性理论分析出口管制政策对国际稀土市场的影响。研究发现,短期内价格弹性低,出口管制政策提高了稀土价格；长期内,价格弹性提高,出口管制政策提高了其他国家稀土产量,稀土价格下降。稀土国际市场现实证实了以上发现。稀土出口管制政策长期失效以及“稀土案”的败诉迫切要求我国对稀土管理体制做出调整。本文首先从理论上分析征收关税对出口价格的影响,然后引用不完全竞争垂直市场价格转移模型,分析上游稀土企业征收资源税对出口价格的影响,通过关税与资源税对出口价格影响的对比,探究资源税与关税的替代性。结果表明,在国外需求弹性不变的条件下,稀土的供给弹性越大,关税的转嫁幅度越大,和现有关税政策具有等价作用的资源税税率与我国的稀土供给弹性、稀土生产市场势力和出口市场势力有关。其他条件不变,国内稀土原材料供给垄断势力越强,与出口关税等价的资源税率越高；稀土产品出口商垄断势力越强,与出口关税等价的资源税率越低；稀土生产商垄断势力越弱,与出口关税等价的资源税率越低。建议我国政府用资源税政策替代关税政策,提高稀土产业集中度和纵向一体化水平,加大稀土应用研发技术投入并鼓励企业实施“走出去”战略。
[Abstract]:In March 2012, the United States, in conjunction with the European Union and Japan, filed a trade complaint with the WTO over China's export restrictions on some raw materials, including rare earths. On August 7, 2014, the World Trade Organization announced the results of the rare Earth case and ruled against China.So what is the effect of our export control policy and how to adjust it next is an urgent problem that needs to be solved in front of us.In order to realize the sustainable development of rare earth industry, the Chinese government has implemented the rare earth export control policy.In this paper, supply and demand elasticity theory is used to analyze the influence of export control policy on the international rare earth market.The study found that the price elasticity was low in the short term and the export control policy raised the price of rare earths. In the long run, the price elasticity increased, and the export control policy increased the output of rare earths in other countries, and the price of rare earths fell.Rare earth international market reality confirmed the above findings.The long-term invalidation of rare earth export control policy and the defeat of rare earth case require our country to adjust the rare earth management system.In this paper, the influence of levying tariff on export price is analyzed theoretically, and then the effect of resource tax on export price by upstream rare earth enterprises is analyzed by using the price transfer model of incomplete competition vertical market.Through the comparison of tariff and resource tax on export price, this paper explores the substitution of resource tax and tariff.The results show that under the condition of constant demand elasticity abroad, the greater the supply elasticity of rare earth is, the greater the transfer of tariff is, and the resource tax rate, which is equivalent to the existing tariff policy, is equal to the supply elasticity of rare earths in China.Rare earth production market forces and export market forces related.The other conditions are unchanged, the stronger the monopoly power of the supply of rare-earth raw materials, the higher the resource tax rate which is equivalent to the export tariff, the stronger the monopoly power of the exporters of rare earth products, the lower the resource tax rate which is equivalent to the export tariff.The weaker the monopoly of rare earth producers, the lower the resource tax rate equivalent to export tariffs.It is suggested that our government should replace the tariff policy with the resource tax policy, improve the concentration of rare earth industry and the level of vertical integration, increase the investment in the application of rare earth research and development technology and encourage enterprises to carry out the "going out" strategy.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F426;F752.62

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