中国增值贸易对就业的影响

发布时间：2018-04-17 16:21

本文选题：增值贸易 + 就业　；参考：《安徽财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：上世纪80年代以来,中国施行开放的贸易政策促使了国内经济的腾飞,同时也间接提升了国内的人均福利。其中,就业问题越来越受到国际贸易的影响。其一,进出口贸易影响国内的产品生产结构,影响了中国就业的形势,特别是出口加工贸易大大的促进了中国的就业水平。其二,中国的进出口贸易规模越来越大,令中国的经济与国际经济形势联系愈加密切,国际经济形势的变动会直接或间接影响着中国内陆的劳动力就业水平,数以亿记的劳动力与国际形势息息相关。而在全球价值链背景下,国际分工愈来愈以生产分割为特征。由于传统贸易统计存在许多中间产品的重复计算问题,研究新型贸易统计方法势在必行。增值统计法通过贸易过程中对出口品附加值进行分解,较为有效地回避了跨境贸易中的中间产品重复计算问题,如实的反应各国的实际贸易额,有效地为政府政策制定提供依据。本文在回顾对外贸易与就业相关研究发展的基础上,首先对文章涉及的相关概念进行解释,对国内外学者在增值贸易统计法及贸易对就业的影响的理论文献进行了比较系统的梳理分析评述,再对就业与国际贸易之间关联作用机制进行分析,即贸易影响的就业的具体途径；接着分析中国采用增值贸易法的必要性及现阶段中国增值贸易和就业的现状,再进行实证分析,从总体和各行业两个方面分析,其中,总体部分用STATA面板数据分析,行业部分用投入产出表计算分析。将传统统计法的测算的就业影响与增值统计法的就业影响进行比较,得到了以下的结论如下：两种统计法下,出口贸易均对就业有显著地促进作用。与增值贸易相比,传统贸易统计的出口促进就业效应偏高。劳动密集型产业的出口促进就业效应高于其他产业的出口促进就业效应。并就这些结论提出相关建议：中国应该利用增值统计法来统计贸易；坚持出口导向战略；正视进口对就业的作用；加快劳动产业结构升级,保证就业增长的机会；以产业需求为导向培养人才。
[Abstract]:The last century since 80s, the implementation of China open trade policies to promote domestic economic development, but also indirectly enhance the per capita welfare in China. Among them, the employment problem increasingly affected by international trade. First, import and export trade affects domestic product structure, the influence of Chinese employment situation, especially the export processing trade greatly promoted the Chinese employment level. Second, China import and export trade scale more and more big, the economy and the international economic situation China contact more closely, the international economic situation changes will directly or indirectly affect China inland labor employment level is closely related to millions of labor and the international situation.
In the context of global value chain, the international division of labor is more and more in the production of segmentation features. Because of repeated calculation of traditional trade statistics there are many intermediate products, it is imperative to study the new trade statistical method. In the process of trading statistics through value-added exports of value-added in the decomposition, effectively avoid the cross-border trade in intermediate products the repeated calculation of actual trade volume reaction countries truthfully, provide the basis for formulating government policies effectively.
Based on the review of foreign trade and employment related research and development, explains the related concepts involved in the thesis firstly, the domestic and foreign scholars are reviewed systematically analysis in the theoretical literature on the employment impact of the value-added trade statistics and trade, the international trade association between employment and mechanism analysis the specific ways of trade affects employment; and then analyses the Chinese by value-added trade law the necessity and present Chinese value-added trade and employment status, and empirical analysis, analysis from the two aspects of the overall and the industry in which the overall part analysis using STATA panel data, analysis of input output table in some industries.
Will affect the employment effects of employment statistics and calculation of the traditional value statistics are compared, the following conclusions were obtained as follows: two kinds of statistics, the export trade has a significant promoting effect on employment. Compared with the value of trade, traditional trade statistics on export promotion industry. High effect of labor intensive industry export promotion employment effect is higher than other industries export promotion employment effect. And puts forward relevant suggestions on these conclusions: China should use the value-added trade statistics statistics; adhere to the export-oriented strategy; to import on the employment of labor; accelerate the upgrading of industrial structure, to ensure employment growth opportunities; industrial demand oriented training.

【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752;F249.2

【参考文献】