环境规制对我国出口贸易的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 10:29

本文选题：环境规制 + 出口贸易　；参考：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：加入WTO以来,我国的出口贸易得到了极大的发展,为我国国民经济持续高速的增长做出了巨大的贡献。然而,随着对外贸易的急速扩张,我国所面临的环境污染问题也日益严峻。传统的粗放型、资源消耗型的经济发展模式带来的弊端与日俱增,使工业发展与环境保护间的矛盾日益突出。另一方面,发达国家不断提高的市场准入门槛,限制了发展中国家有效的参与国际竞争与合作,随着我国贸易依存度的不断提高,将会面对越来越多与环境有关的贸易摩擦。通过积极合理的环境规制对出口贸易的负外部性加以约束已迫在眉睫。在此背景下,本文基于行业的角度,从理论与实证两方面深入地考察了环境规制对不同污染强度的行业出口贸易影响的异质性。在理论研究方面,本文分别从环境成本、技术创新与产业结构三个视角,分析了环境规制影响出口贸易的机制,得出结论:在静态模式下,环境规制会使生产成本增加、生产率降低,导致出口贸易规模下降、贸易条件恶化;而若将环境规制与出口贸易的关系放在动态的框架中来看,适当的环境规制会刺激企业进行技术创新与产业结构升级,从而降低生产成本、提高生产率,产品在国际市场中的出口竞争力增强,进而增加企业的出口贸易额。基于该结论,本文建立了两个实证模型,就环境规制对制造业整体与轻度、中度、重度污染型行业出口贸易的实际影响进行了估计。其中模型1仅以环境规制强度作为解释变量,单独考察了其对出口贸易的影响;而模型2中引入环境规制强度与全要素生产率的交叉项作为解释变量,用以验证环境规制是否通过改变生产率来间接影响出口贸易。主要研究结果如下:(1)除重度污染型行业外,全部制造业、轻度与中度污染型行业的环境规制均通过改变生产率来对其出口贸易产生间接影响;(2)环境规制对出口贸易的影响存在明显的行业异质性,轻度与中度污染型行业的环境规制与出口间呈“U”型关系,但重度污染型行业却呈现倒“U”型曲线;(3)制造业传统影响因素对出口贸易的影响也存在行业异质性,各行业出口贸易的影响因素与影响效果不尽相同,需要区别对待。
[Abstract]:Since China's entry into WTO, China's export trade has been greatly developed, which has made a great contribution to the sustained and rapid growth of our national economy. However, with the rapid expansion of foreign trade, China is facing increasingly serious environmental pollution problems. The traditional extensive and resource-consuming economic development model brings more and more disadvantages, which makes the contradiction between industrial development and environmental protection more and more prominent. On the other hand, the increasing threshold of market access of developed countries limits the effective participation of developing countries in international competition and cooperation. With the increasing degree of dependence on trade in China, more and more trade frictions related to environment will be faced. It is urgent to restrict the negative externality of export trade through positive and reasonable environmental regulation. In this context, this paper, based on the industry perspective, from the theoretical and empirical aspects of the impact of environmental regulation on different pollution intensity of the industry export trade heterogeneity. In theoretical research, this paper analyzes the mechanism of environmental regulation influencing export trade from three perspectives of environmental cost, technological innovation and industrial structure, and concludes that environmental regulation will increase production cost under static mode. If the relationship between environmental regulation and export trade is put in a dynamic framework, appropriate environmental regulation will stimulate enterprises to carry out technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading. In order to reduce production costs, improve productivity, enhance the export competitiveness of products in the international market, and then increase the export trade volume of enterprises. Based on this conclusion, this paper establishes two empirical models, and estimates the actual impact of environmental regulation on the overall, mild, moderate and heavy pollution industries' export trade. Model 1 only takes the intensity of environmental regulation as the explanatory variable and investigates its impact on export trade separately, while model 2 introduces the cross term between environmental regulation intensity and total factor productivity as the explanatory variable. To verify whether environmental regulation indirectly affects export trade by changing productivity. The main results of the study are as follows: (1) with the exception of heavy polluting industries, all manufacturing industries, Environmental regulation of mild and moderate pollution-type industries has an indirect effect on export trade by changing productivity.) there is obvious industry heterogeneity in the impact of environmental regulation on export trade. There is a "U" relationship between environmental regulation and export in mild and moderate pollution-type industries, but a "U-shaped" curve in heavy pollution-type industries. (3) the influence of traditional factors of manufacturing on export trade is also heterogeneous. The influencing factors and effects of export trade in different industries are different and need to be treated differently.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.62

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