阶梯水价政策对城市居民用水需求影响的实证分析

发布时间：2018-05-01 06:35

本文选题：城市居民生活用水 + 阶梯水价　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：阶梯水价政策能否有效改善城市居民生活用水需求,提高居民生活用水效率,是目前城市居民生活用水价格改革和研究的热点和重点。现有文献多集中定性分析阶梯水价政策的优缺点和公平性,或通过模拟测算阶梯水价的居民生活用水需求,但是关于阶梯水价对居民生活用水需求的影响效果的实证研究则较少。本文从城市居民生活用水需求的角度出发,依据计量经济学的需求函数理论,以我国2004-2014年城市统计年鉴、2004-2014年城市供水统计年鉴和互联网收集相关数据为数据基础,建立了以居民生活用水价格和居民生活用水量为内生变量的联立方程模型,初步论证了阶梯水价政策对居民生活用水需求的影响效果。实证结果发现:(1)全样本层面的城市居民生活用水需求的价格弹性为-0.3163,表明居民生活用水价格提高对城市居民生活用水需求具有一定程度的抑制作用;居民用水需求的收入弹性0.8239,表明城市居民收入对居民用水需求有显著的正向影响;(2)研究阶梯水价的实施对城市居民生活用水需求的影响效果,对表示有无阶梯水价的虚拟变量进行全样本层面的参数估计得到估计值为-0.2313,即阶梯水价实施后居民生活用水需求下降23.13%,证明了实施阶梯水价的有效性和可行性;(3)对区域层面样本数据的实证结果发现,东部地区和西部地区实行阶梯水价能有效抑制居民生活用水需求。但是在中部地区,阶梯水价的有无对居民生活需求影响并不显著,这主要是由中部地区居民生活用水的各阶梯价格偏低、阶梯差较小引起的。最后,本文建议加快推行阶梯水价政策,对居民生活用水设置更加合理的阶梯水价。同时需要考虑到对不同群体的福利补贴保障,这样才能实现全社会效益的最大化。
[Abstract]:Whether the ladder water price policy can effectively improve the urban residents' domestic water demand and improve the efficiency of residential water use is the hot spot and key point of the current urban residents' domestic water price reform and research. Most of the existing literature focuses on qualitative analysis of the advantages, disadvantages and equity of the ladder water price policy, or the calculation of the domestic water demand of the residents by simulating the ladder water price. However, there are few empirical studies on the effect of ladder water price on domestic water demand. Based on the demand theory of econometrics, this paper bases on the urban water supply statistics yearbook of 2004-2014 and the relevant data collected by the Internet from the point of view of the urban residents' domestic water demand, according to the theory of econometrics' demand function. A simultaneous equation model with the price of household water and the quantity of water used as endogenous variables is established, and the effect of ladder water price policy on the demand of domestic water is preliminarily proved. The empirical results show that the price elasticity of urban residents' domestic water demand is -0.3163in the whole sample level, which indicates that the increase of residential water price can restrain the urban residents' domestic water demand to some extent. The income elasticity of residents' water demand is 0.8239, which indicates that urban residents' income has a significant positive effect on the residents' water demand. (2) the effect of the implementation of the step water price on the urban residents' domestic water demand is studied. For the virtual variable with or without ladder water price, the total sample level parameter is estimated to be -0.2313, that is, the household water demand decreases 23.13% after the step water price is implemented, which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing the step water price. The empirical results of sample data at the regional level show that, The implementation of ladder water price in the eastern and western regions can effectively restrain the domestic water demand of residents. But in the central region, the influence of ladder water price on the residents' living demand is not significant, which is mainly caused by the low ladder price and the small ladder difference of the residents' domestic water in the central region. Finally, the paper suggests to speed up the implementation of ladder water price policy, and to set a more reasonable ladder water price for household water. At the same time, we need to consider the different groups of welfare subsidies, so as to maximize the overall social benefits.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F726;F299.24

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