中国新西兰自贸区关税减让对中新贸易的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 08:40

本文选题：中国新西兰 + 自由贸易区　；参考：《上海海关学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2008年10月1日,中国-新西兰自由贸易协定正式生效,双边贸易额得到快速增长,从2008年的44亿美元增长到2015年的115.1亿美元,年均增幅达到了14.7%。同时,中国已经连续3年成为新西兰第一大货物贸易伙伴和第一大出口市场,并连续5年成为新西兰第一大进口来源地。本着互利共赢的原则,2016年11月20日,在秘鲁利马举行的APEC领导人会议期间,中国商务部长高虎城与新西兰贸易部长麦克莱共同宣布正式启动中国-新西兰自贸协定升级谈判,其中第一轮谈判将于2017年上半年举行。在此背景下,本文回顾了已经实施多年的中新自贸协定,研究了自贸区关税减让的实施效果,努力寻找进一步深化两国外贸合作的方法,并提出相关的意见和建议。本文主要通过文献研究法、规范研究和实证研究相结合法、比较分析法等,首先阐述了中新自贸区和关税减让的国内外研究现状,与关税减让、自由贸易区和原产地规则的基本理论。其次,对中新两国双边贸易情况进行研究,两国经贸合作发展迅速,贸易额从2008年的44亿美元增长到2015年的115.1亿美元,增长了1.6倍。其中,利用贸易结合度指数分析,中国新西兰两国存在紧密的外贸联系;利用贸易竞争力指数分析,中国的比较优势产业主要是劳动密集型和资本密集型的工业制成品,而新西兰的比较优势产业主要是资源密集型的初级产品。接着,研究了中新自贸区关税减让的实施效果,关税削减促进了双边贸易额快速增长,其中中国进口额的增长速明显高于出口额的增长速度,中国对新西兰的贸易逆差不断扩大。同时,不同的关税减让政策将带来不同的效果。对于实施逐年降税的商品,商品的进口额将得到较快的增长;对于实施关税国别配额的商品,商品的进口额增长将一定程度上受到配额的限制,进口额增长速度较慢;对于个别不实施降税、仍然适用最惠国税率的商品,由于未能享受到关税减让,进口额增长非常缓慢。此外,随着自贸区实施时间的增加,中国企业在用好自贸区关税优惠政策方面做得越来越好,中国企业自新西兰进口商品的减免税款额从2008年的623万元上升到2015年的26.6亿,进口优惠利用率也从3.6%上升到45.8%,而受惠商品方面主要集中在农产品。然后,利用巴拉萨模型进行分析,发现中新自贸区建立后,中国的区内进口需求收入弹性提高了0.03,表明中新自贸区使得中国自新西兰进口明显增加,产生了一定的贸易创造效应。同时,中国的区外进口需求收入弹性下降了0.02,表明中新自贸区使得中国自区外进口有所减少,产生了一定的贸易转移效应。最后,本文得出了设置合理科学的关税减让模式、加强政策宣传提高优惠关税利用率、加强双边贸易合作消除非关税壁垒、优化外贸出口结构发挥优惠关税促进作用等建议。
[Abstract]:On October 1, 2008, the China-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement came into effect, and bilateral trade grew rapidly, from $4.4 billion in 2008 to $11.51 billion in 2015, an average annual growth rate of 14.7 percent. At the same time, China has become New Zealand's largest goods trading partner and export market for three consecutive years, and has become New Zealand's largest import source for five consecutive years. On the basis of the principle of mutual benefit and win-win situation, on November 20, 2016, during the APEC leaders' meeting held in Lima, Peru, Chinese Minister of Commerce Gao Hucheng and New Zealand Minister of Trade Mclay jointly announced the official launching of the China-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (FTA) upgrading negotiations. The first round of talks will be held in the first half of 2017. In this context, this paper reviews the China-Singapore Free Trade Agreement that has been implemented for many years, studies the effect of tariff concessions in the Free Trade area, tries to find ways to further deepen the cooperation between the two countries in foreign trade, and puts forward some relevant suggestions and suggestions. This article mainly through the literature research method, the standard research and the demonstration research union method, the comparative analysis method and so on, first elaborated the Sino-Singapore free trade area and the tariff concession domestic and foreign research present situation, and the tariff concession, The basic theory of free trade area and rules of origin. Second, a study of bilateral trade between China and New Zealand shows that bilateral economic and trade cooperation has developed rapidly, with the volume of trade increasing from US $4.4 billion in 2008 to US $11.51 billion in 2015, an increase of 1.6-fold. Among them, using the trade integration index analysis, China and New Zealand have close foreign trade ties; using the trade competitiveness index analysis, China's comparative advantage industries are mainly labor-intensive and capital-intensive manufactured goods. New Zealand's comparative advantage industries are mainly resource-intensive primary products. Then, the paper studies the effect of tariff reduction in China-Singapore Free Trade Zone. Tariff reduction has promoted the rapid growth of bilateral trade volume, in which the import volume of China is increasing faster than the growth rate of export volume. China's trade deficit with New Zealand is widening. At the same time, different tariff concessions will have different effects. The import value of commodities will increase rapidly for those commodities which are implemented to reduce tax year by year, and the increase of import value will be limited to a certain extent by quotas, and the growth rate of imports will be slower for those commodities subject to national tariff quotas. Imports have grown very slowly because of the lack of tariff concessions for commodities that are still subject to MFN rates for which tax cuts are not implemented. In addition, with the increase in the implementation time of the Free Trade Zone, Chinese enterprises are doing more and more well in using the preferential tariff policy in the Free Trade Zone. The amount of tax reduction and exemption for goods imported by Chinese enterprises from New Zealand has increased from 6.23 million yuan in 2008 to 2.66 billion in 2015. The utilization rate of import preference also increased from 3.6% to 45.8%, while the benefit of commodities was mainly concentrated in agricultural products. Then, by using the Barraza model, it is found that after the establishment of the China-Singapore Free Trade Zone, the domestic import demand income elasticity of China has increased by 0.03, indicating that the China-Singapore Free Trade Zone has made China's imports from New Zealand increase obviously. Has produced certain trade creation effect. At the same time, the income elasticity of China's external import demand has decreased by 0.02, which indicates that the China-Singapore Free Trade Zone has reduced China's imports outside the region and produced a certain effect of trade transfer. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions, such as setting up a reasonable and scientific tariff reduction model, strengthening policy propaganda to improve the utilization rate of preferential tariffs, strengthening bilateral trade cooperation to eliminate non-tariff barriers, and optimizing the structure of foreign trade exports to play a role in promoting preferential tariffs.
【学位授予单位】：上海海关学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.7

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