老挝对外贸易商品结构分析

发布时间：2018-05-15 05:03

本文选题：老挝 + 对外贸易　；参考：《广西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：老挝在经过多年战乱后建国,经济基础薄弱,而且每年的对外贸易都是逆差,进出口贸易结构严重失衡。但当下老挝现实问题是在加入WTO后怎样减少对外贸易逆差,如何把资源优势和提高本国经济水平结合起来,达到本国未来十年制定的发展目标。目前,老挝如何优化进出口商品结构,减少贸易逆差,促进本国经济发展,是一个值得深思的问题。本文主要探究了老挝的对外贸易商品结构,并对其近十年的变化(2003年-2012年)进行了比较分析。首先,本文的理论基础是比较优势理论和要素禀赋理论,第一部分主要介绍了贸易结构理论和对外贸易商品结构涉及到的一些相关概念以及研究现状。其次,对老挝对外贸易商品结构现状进行了分析。老挝革新开放政策实施以后,老挝的对外贸易得到了发展,进出口商品结构不断得到拓展和优化。老挝的主要贸易对象为泰国、越南、中国、日本、欧盟、美国和加拿大等,但泰国、越南和中国与老挝的贸易占到老挝对外贸易的三分之二以上,且是对老挝各方面都有颇多影响的国家。因此本文选取这三个国家作为主要分析对象,利用近十年的进出口商品数据分析了老挝的对外贸易商品结构。老挝虽然在革新开放后,特别是最近十多年间,其进出口贸易中取得了突破性的发展,但从整体看,对外贸易仍然存在着较大问题,进口额常年大于出口额,长期以来都是贸易逆差。在进出口贸易的商品结构方面,由于老挝的经济起点低,工业多为技术含量低的轻工业,缺乏一个完整的工业体系。因此进口商品多为包括重工业产品和精密仪器等高科技产品在内的工业制成品,出口商品则多为农业产品、轻工业产品和工业原材料等初级产品,进出口贸易结构极为不合理。第三,本文采用赫芬因德指数、劳伦斯指数和结构优化指数这三个衡量贸易结构变动的指数对老挝对外贸易商品结构的变化进行测度,探究老挝进出口贸易的商品结构在2003-2012年间的变动情况,然后根据测度的结果进行总结并探究其原因。最后,提出了调整老挝对外贸易商品结构的对策。
[Abstract]:After many years of war, Laos was founded with a weak economic base, a deficit in foreign trade every year, and a serious imbalance in the structure of import and export trade. But the reality of Laos is how to reduce the deficit of foreign trade after China's entry into WTO, how to combine the advantages of resources with the improvement of its economic level, and how to achieve the development goal of the country in the next ten years. At present, how to optimize the structure of import and export commodities, reduce the trade deficit and promote the economic development of Laos is a problem worth pondering. This paper probes into the commodity structure of Laos's foreign trade, and makes a comparative analysis of its changes in recent ten years (2003-2012). First of all, the theoretical basis of this paper is comparative advantage theory and factor endowment theory. The first part mainly introduces the trade structure theory and foreign trade commodity structure related to some related concepts and research status. Secondly, the paper analyzes the commodity structure of Laos foreign trade. After the implementation of the reform and opening policy of Laos, the foreign trade of Laos has been developed, and the structure of import and export commodities has been continuously expanded and optimized. Laos mainly trades in Thailand, Vietnam, China, Japan, the European Union, the United States and Canada, but Thailand, Vietnam and China account for more than 2/3 of Laos's foreign trade. And is a country that has a lot of influence on all aspects of Laos. Therefore, this paper selects the three countries as the main analysis object, using the import and export commodity data of nearly ten years to analyze the foreign trade commodity structure of Laos. Although Laos has made a breakthrough in its import and export trade after its reform and opening up, especially in the last decade or so, as a whole, there are still major problems in foreign trade, and its import volume is more than its export value all the year round. It has long been a trade deficit. In the commodity structure of import and export trade, because of the low economic starting point of Laos, the industry is mostly light industry with low technology content, so it lacks a complete industrial system. Therefore, most of the imported commodities are manufactured goods, including heavy industrial products and high-tech products such as precision instruments, while the export commodities are mostly agricultural products, light industrial products and industrial raw materials, etc. The structure of import and export trade is extremely unreasonable. Thirdly, this paper measures the changes in the commodity structure of Laos's foreign trade by using the Hefende Index, the Lawrence Index and the structural Optimization Index, which measure the changes of the trade structure. This paper explores the changes in the commodity structure of Laos' import and export trade from 2003 to 2012, and then sums up and explores the reasons according to the measured results. Finally, the paper puts forward the countermeasures to adjust the commodity structure of Laos foreign trade.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F753.34

【参考文献】