我国零售业空间分布及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 22:36

本文选题：零售业 + 影响因素　；参考：《浙江工商大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国的零售业得到了飞速发展,经过30多年来的不断探索,已经成为影响中国经济发展很重要的一部分。2012年我国零售百强企业销售额达到1.87万亿,较2003年的4968亿,10年间翻了3.8倍,但是在关注其发展之迅猛的同时,还需注意到其增速已降到历年来的最低值。究其原因可以发现,近年来我国零售业受到国内外复杂的经济形势和环境改变的影响,已经显现出零售增长乏力甚至负增长的趋势。同时伴随着劳动力成本、房租和物流成本的逐年上升,企业利润被大幅缩减,消费者受到通货膨胀以及物价上涨影响而表现出来消费需求不足,以及电子商务网络销售等新型零售模式的快速发展对传统零售业造成的冲击,使得零售企业迫于生存压力开始关闭大量门店,扩张速率明显放缓。再加上前期经济刺激政策的影响,商业地产过度开发以及缺少有效规划与监管,造成零售网点分布不合理和恶性竞争,这对零售业的区域布局与空间分布产生了很大的影响。本文的研究目的就在于对零售业的空间分布影响因素进行分析,并通过实证检验加以验证,以期为零售业的合理分布与发展提供些许参考。在理论研究方面,本文以中心地理论、零售业态变迁理论、商圈理论、集聚理论、平台经济理论以及消费者行为理论等与零售业分布与发展相关的经典理论为依据,作为文章的理论基础；以人口因素、交通因素以及经济、政策因素等为传统影响因子,电子商务为新兴影响因子,分别剖析这两类因子对中国零售业空间分布与发展产生影响的关系机理,尤其突出研究新兴的电子商务对于传统实体零售所存在的比较优势,以及目前正对传统实体零售企业形成的冲击。在分析电子商务环境下的三种零售模式基础上,强调融合了电子商务的“鼠标+水泥”型零售模式的未来发展空间,进而探讨了这类企业的空间组织特征以及影响其空间布局的因素,并辅以苏宁电器的案例对其进行了具体描述。在实证研究方面,本文不仅进行了区域间的横向比较,还具体到了各省市的个体差异上。首先运用区位商、因子分析以及集中率指数测算了我国除西藏外的30个省、直辖市的零售业分布与发展情况,然后收集2003-2012年各省数据,以人均GDP、人均消费支出、政府政策、对外开放程度、人力资本、城镇化率、人口密度、交通基础设施以及电子商务为自变量,零售门店密度为因变量构建面板回归模型,在此基础上比较分析上述因素对于东中西部地区所造成的不同影响。实证结果表明零售企业在东部地区的发展要明显好于中西部地区,在东部也更容易产生集聚,且各变量对零售业的空间分布均有所影响,但影响大小与方向在不同地区则不尽相同。基于以上的分析结果,本文得出结论,认为我国的零售业在各地区的分布和发展依然呈现出梯度化的特点,但差距有逐渐缩小的趋势；各因素在不同地区呈现出不同的正负向影响,主要是与各地区的地理区位、经济发展以及消费习惯不同有关。除此之外,本文还对未来的研究做出展望,预测未来零售业的商业模式将是实体零售融合电子商务的线上线下协同发展模式,零售企业将尽可能多的扩展与整合零售渠道,发展成为全渠道零售模式,以满足消费者购物、娱乐和社交的综合体验需求。最后,本文提出了一些建议与意见,以期对零售业未来的发展与布局提供些许帮助。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening - up , our country ' s retail industry has been developing rapidly . After more than 30 years of continuous exploration , China ' s retail industry has become a very important part of China ' s economic development .

In the field of theoretical research , this paper is based on the theory of center ground , the theory of retail state transition , the theory of business circle , the theory of agglomeration , the theory of platform economy and the theory of consumer behavior , as the theoretical basis of the article .
Based on the analysis of three retail modes in e - commerce environment , the author emphasizes that the future development space of the " mouse + cement " type retail mode , which integrates the electronic commerce , discusses the spatial organization characteristics of such enterprises and the factors affecting its spatial layout , and gives a concrete description of the case of Suning appliance .

In the case of empirical research , this paper not only carries on the lateral comparison between regions , but also the individual differences of provinces and cities . First , the retail distribution and development of 30 provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government except Tibet are calculated by using regional quotient , factor analysis and concentration index index . The results show that the development of retail enterprises in the eastern region is better than that in the central and western regions . The empirical results show that the development of retail enterprises in the east is better than that in the central and western regions , and the spatial distribution of retail can be influenced by the variables . However , the influence size and direction are different in different regions .

Based on the above analysis results , it is concluded that the distribution and development of our country ' s retail trade still have the characteristics of gradient , but there is a tendency to narrow the gap .
In addition , the author forecasts the future research , predicts that the business model of the future retail trade will be the co - development mode under the online line of the entity ' s retail converged electronic commerce , and the retail enterprises will expand and integrate the retail channels as many as possible . The retail enterprises will expand and integrate the retail channels as many as possible . Finally , some suggestions and suggestions are put forward in order to provide some help to the future development and layout of the retail trade .
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F724.2

【参考文献】