中国新疆对哈萨克斯坦劳务输出影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 11:15

本文选题：劳务输出 + 中国新疆　；参考：《新疆财经大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：2015年3月28日,国家发布的《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》中强调要发挥新疆独特的区位优势和向西开放重要窗口作用,深化与中亚国家交流合作,打造丝绸之路经济带核心区,为新疆与哈萨克斯坦的经贸合作提供了重大的历史机遇。随着新疆外向型经济的快速发展,新疆与哈萨克斯坦的劳务合作正进一步加深,新疆对哈萨克斯坦的劳务输出规模有所扩大,据哈萨克斯坦劳务移民调节局统计的数据,2014年中国劳务人数在哈萨克斯坦发放的劳务配额在实际使用中占到了31.5%,是人数最多的国家。但是,目前新疆受到劳工技术水平不高、企业竞争力弱和哈萨克斯坦较少的劳务配额、苛刻的劳务许可证制度以及欧亚经济联盟的影响,使得目前新疆对哈萨克斯坦的劳务输出面临着许多挑战。同时,哈萨克斯坦为实施“光明大道”新经济政策和举办即将来临的2017年世博会,以及哈萨克斯坦为提高本国经济综合能力,目前需要大量的资金、技术和人才的支持,然而哈萨克斯坦目前面临着货币贬值、全球石油需求疲软、石油价格下跌、主要金属价格下跌和乌克兰危机外溢影响等困境,而中国经济的发展使得中国对外投资企业有一定的资金和丰富的经验,所以这是中国企业走向世界的一个重要机遇,也是新疆地区企业走向哈萨克斯坦的重要机遇。本文从劳务供求和影响因素的视角,首先对中国新疆的劳务供给市场和哈萨克斯坦的劳务需求市场分别进行详尽的分析,得出新疆对哈萨克斯塔劳务输出有良好的市场基础,然后对新疆向哈萨克斯坦劳务输出现状进行描述,分析劳务输出过程中存在的问题,并从中国新疆、哈萨克斯坦和国际环境这三方面分别进行详细的有利因素和不利因素的分析,接着本研究通过对影响劳务输出的相关因素进行灰色关联法分析,建立模型,计算关联系数得出各相关影响因素的关联度,并对这些影响因素进行排序和归类,得出新疆对哈萨克斯坦出口额、工程承包营业额和哈萨克斯坦对外劳务配额是影响新疆向哈萨克斯坦劳务输出的主要影响因素。最后本文根据上文中新疆对哈萨克斯坦劳务输出的市场供求分析、劳务输出现状及问题的分析、影响因素的分析和实证结果的分析,从政府层面提出应加大对哈萨克斯坦投资企业的扶持和市场调研、加强政府间的沟通协调、建立对哈萨克斯坦劳务输出基地等建议,从企业层面提出应扩大对哈萨克斯坦投资领域和规模、优化对哈萨克斯坦劳务输出的结构,以及加强对哈萨克斯坦劳务输出人员的技能和语言培训等建议,对促进新疆向哈萨克斯坦的劳务输出规模的扩大和结构的优化有一定的现实意义。
[Abstract]:On March 28, 2015, the National Vision and Action to promote the Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road stressed the importance of giving play to Xinjiang's unique geographical advantages and the important window role of opening to the west. Deepening the exchange and cooperation with Central Asian countries and creating the core area of the Silk Road economic belt provide a great historical opportunity for the economic and trade cooperation between Xinjiang and Kazakhstan. With the rapid development of Xinjiang's export-oriented economy, the labor service cooperation between Xinjiang and Kazakhstan is being further deepened, and the scale of Xinjiang's labor export to Kazakhstan has been expanded. According to statistics from Kazakhstan's Bureau of Labor Migration Regulation, the number of Chinese workers in Kazakhstan accounted for 31.5 percent of the actual use in 2014, making it the country with the largest number of workers. However, at present, Xinjiang is affected by the low level of labor technology, the weak competitiveness of enterprises and fewer labor quotas in Kazakhstan, the harsh labor license system, and the Eurasian Economic Union. The current labor export from Xinjiang to Kazakhstan faces many challenges. At the same time, Kazakhstan, in order to implement the new economic policy of "bright road" and to host the forthcoming 2017 World Expo, as well as to improve the comprehensive capacity of its economy, currently needs substantial financial, technical and human support. However, Kazakhstan is currently facing difficulties such as currency depreciation, weak global oil demand, falling oil prices, falling prices of major metals and the spillover effects of the crisis in Ukraine. With the development of Chinese economy, Chinese foreign investment enterprises have a certain amount of capital and rich experience, so this is an important opportunity for Chinese enterprises to go to the world, and also an important opportunity for enterprises in Xinjiang region to go to Kazakhstan. From the point of view of labor supply and demand and influencing factors, this paper firstly analyzes the labor supply market of Xinjiang in China and the labor demand market of Kazakhstan in detail, and draws a conclusion that Xinjiang has a good market basis for the export of labor services to Kazasta. Then it describes the current situation of labor export from Xinjiang to Kazakhstan, analyzes the problems existing in the process of labor export, and starts from Xinjiang, China. Kazakhstan and the international environment of these three aspects of the detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of factors, and then this study on the related factors affecting labor export by grey correlation method analysis, establish a model, By calculating the correlation coefficient, we can get the correlation degree of each relevant influencing factor, and sort and classify these influencing factors, and get the export value of Xinjiang to Kazakhstan. Contract turnover and foreign labor quota are the main factors that affect the export of labor services from Xinjiang to Kazakhstan. Finally, according to the above analysis of the market supply and demand of the labor export from Xinjiang to Kazakhstan, the analysis of the current situation and problems of the labor export, the analysis of the influencing factors and the analysis of the empirical results, At the level of the government, suggestions should be made to increase support and market research for Kazakh investment enterprises, strengthen communication and coordination among governments, and establish labor export bases for Kazakhstan. At the enterprise level, suggestions should be made to expand the scope and scale of investment in Kazakhstan, to optimize the structure of the export of services to Kazakhstan, and to strengthen the skills and language training of workers exporting services from Kazakhstan. It is of practical significance to promote the expansion of labor export scale from Xinjiang to Kazakhstan and the optimization of its structure.
【学位授予单位】：新疆财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F752.68

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