中国装备制造业服务化影响其出口边际的实证分析

发布时间：2018-06-05 00:25

本文选题：装备制造业 + 服务化　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从中国加入WTO,装备制造业的出口保持快速增长,这种增长可以被分解为三种边际:意味着出口种类的多元化的扩展边际、强调出口数量的数量边际和反映出口产品品质乃至贸易条件的价格边际,三元边际的协同发展是较为合理的出口增长模式。梳理相关文献可知,现有研究从多方面探讨了出口边际的影响因素,如贸易成本、汇率等,但鲜有文献用行业的服务化程度来解释,而服务化是装备制造业的必然趋势,也是其完善出口结构的重要途径。首先,测算中国装备制造业的服务化程度以及该行业出口的三元边际,其中前者运用投入产出法采用装备制造业对生产性服务业的完全消耗系数来衡量;后者借鉴Hummels和Klenow(2005)的解构思路,基于对20个主要贸易国的HS-6位产品层面的出口数据进行测算,结果表明中国装备制造业出口的三元边际中数量边际增速最快,其它两种边际对出口增速的贡献较小。在这个过程中,本文还基于产品的异质性和出口目的国的异质性对不同要素密集度的产品、不同收入水平的出口目的国分别进行了三元边际的拓展分解。从理论上讲,装备制造业服务化程度可以从服务投入异质性、产品异质性和出口目的国异质性的角度影响其出口边际:从服务投入异质性的角度,装备制造业服务化程度可以通过金融类服务投入促进企业在融资、经营、投资的全过程提升企业生产率进而提升出口的三元边际,研发类服务可以从根本上提升企业的技术水平从而获取较高的国际市场份额;从产品异质性的角度,装备制造业服务化可以促进新产品的研发、产品生产工艺的优化以及产品质量的提升,从而促进出口的三元边际;从出口目的国异质性的角度,出口目的国在经济规模、外商直接投资、地理距离、文化距离等方面的不同特性会影响服务化对出口边际的传导。依托这种影响机制,引入引力模型,并将装备制造业服务化程度作为解释变量,装备制造业出口的三元边际作为被解释变量,从而构建了实证检验的基础模型。实证检验得到的结论主要有:第一,装备制造业服务化程度对其三元边际均有促进作用,其中主要通过数量边际促进出口。第二,在不同要素密集度的产品之间,装备制造业服务化程度对技术密集型装备制造产品出口边际的传导更有效。第三,在不同收入水平的出口目的国之间,装备制造业服务化程度对高收入国家装备制造业出口边际的传导更有效。值得注意的是,装备制造业服务化对其出口的扩展边际和价格边际的促进作用并没有得到完全发挥。针对全文的研究目的和研究过程中发现的问题,本文从政府的层面提出了与进口国展开精准合作的"装备外交"、与企业协同合作、推进装备制造业服务化等对策建议。
[Abstract]:Since China joined the WTO, equipment manufacturing exports have been growing rapidly, and this growth can be broken down into three margins: that means a diversified margin of expansion of export categories. It is emphasized that the quantity margin of export quantity and the price margin reflecting the quality of export products and even the terms of trade, the coordinated development of ternary margin is a more reasonable export growth model. By combing the relevant literature, we can see that the existing research has discussed the influence factors of export marginal from many aspects, such as trade cost, exchange rate and so on, but few documents have explained by the service degree of the industry, and the service is the inevitable trend of the equipment manufacturing industry. It is also an important way to improve the export structure. First of all, the service degree of China's equipment manufacturing industry and the ternary margin of the industry's exports are measured. The former uses the input-output method to measure the complete consumption coefficient of the equipment manufacturing industry to the producer service industry. The latter uses the deconstruction ideas of Hummels and Klenowan 2005 for reference, and calculates the export data of 20 major trading countries on the HS-6 product level. The results show that the quantitative marginal growth rate of China's equipment manufacturing exports is the fastest among the ternary margin. The other two margins contribute less to export growth. In this process, based on the heterogeneity of the product and the heterogeneity of the export destination country, the product with different factor intensity and the export destination country with different income level are expanded and decomposed by ternary margin. Theoretically speaking, the service degree of equipment manufacturing industry can influence its export margin from the perspectives of service input heterogeneity, product heterogeneity and export destination country heterogeneity, and from the angle of service input heterogeneity, equipment manufacturing industry can influence its export margin from the perspectives of service input heterogeneity, product heterogeneity and export destination country heterogeneity. The service level of the equipment manufacturing industry can promote the enterprise's productivity in the whole process of financing, operation and investment through the financial service investment, and then enhance the ternary margin of export. R & D services can fundamentally enhance the technological level of enterprises and gain a higher share of the international market. From the perspective of product heterogeneity, equipment manufacturing service-oriented can promote the development of new products. The optimization of product production process and the improvement of product quality promote the ternary margin of export. From the perspective of heterogeneity of destination country, export destination country is in economic scale, foreign direct investment, geographical distance, Different characteristics of cultural distance will affect the transmission of service to export margin. Based on this kind of influence mechanism, the gravity model is introduced, and the service degree of equipment manufacturing industry is taken as the explanatory variable, and the ternary margin of equipment manufacturing industry export is taken as the explained variable, thus the basic model of empirical test is constructed. The main conclusions of empirical test are as follows: first, the service level of equipment manufacturing industry promotes its ternary margin, in which export is mainly promoted by the margin of quantity. Secondly, the service level of equipment manufacturing industry is more effective to the export margin of technology-intensive equipment manufacturing products between the products with different factor intensity. Thirdly, the service level of the equipment manufacturing industry is more effective to the export margin of the equipment manufacturing industry of the high-income countries among the export destination countries with different income levels. It is worth noting that the promotion of equipment manufacturing service to its export expansion margin and price margin has not been fully played. In view of the purpose of the research and the problems found in the course of the research, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions from the government level, such as "equipment diplomacy" to carry out precise cooperation with importing countries, to cooperate with enterprises, and to promote the service-oriented equipment manufacturing industry.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426;F752.62

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