中国—中亚能源大通道与新疆口岸基地建设研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 10:51

本文选题：新疆 + 能源大通道　；参考：《新疆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2013年中国石油净进口量已超过美国,目前已成为世界第一大石油净进口国,天然气消费的增长也占据全球增长的较大比重。中国目前的石油进口主要集中在沙特阿拉伯(19.8%),安哥拉(12.3%),伊朗(10.9%)等地区,进口原油大都经过马六甲海峡,这对我国的能源安全来说是极为不利的。在减少对马六甲海峡运输通道的依赖的前提下,为了增加油气进口量,中国提出构建能源大通道的战略决策。现已建成以中哈原油管道、中国-中亚天然气管道为主体的能源通道,并与“西气东输”、“西电东送”等国内能源通道相连接,为确保中国能源安全做出了重大贡献。新疆地处中国西北边境,与中亚多国相邻,中亚五国各类能源资源丰富,中亚-里海地区是未来能源的主要供应基地,而新疆与中亚国家的合作优势明显,在中国-中亚能源大通道中起着重要节点的作用,能源的中转给新疆的发展带来了机遇。能源的存储、加工、运输能有效地促进新疆重工业、物流运输业等产业的发展;能源合作、相关建设项目等为新疆带来了大量的流动人口,对新疆餐饮、服务、金融、旅游等行业的发展起到很好的带动作用,进而优化新疆的产业结构,提供大量的就业机会,这都为新疆口岸基地创造了良好的发展环境。新疆是中国边境线最长、毗邻国家最多的省区,口岸众多。口岸对新疆地区经济的发展有着重要的推动作用,2014年新疆对外贸易总额达到了276.7亿美元,边境贸易在进出口贸易中的占比达到了51%。中央和自治区都十分重视新疆口岸的发展,给予物资、人力、政策等各方面的倾斜,并积极地与中亚国家开展经济合作区的建设,取得了可喜的成就。但由于受到空间上的限制,口岸内各类行业的发展受到限制,要以点轴开发理论作为新疆口岸的发展模式,通过口岸带动辐射地区的经济发展,以区域内的企业带动口岸的发展。由于资金、人才等方面的缺乏,造成新疆口岸基础设施建设落后,管理人员、专业技术人员无法满足口岸发展的需要,自治区政府可以在宏观层面进行调控,为外来资金的流向指明方向,同时要大力引进人才,增强在教育方面的投资,以确保对人才的需求。经济合作区是口岸基地建设的重要组成部分,对边境贸易的深入、经济的发展促进作用明显,但由于建立时间短,合作区功能还不完善,有关部门要进一步加大对经济合作区的支援力度,促使合作区尽快发挥作用。此外,还应建立对能源大通道建设的评价指标体系,以明确能源大通道未来的建设走向,一方面可以发挥新疆的节点作用,确保能源大通道的运营;另一方面可以与能源大通道建设相结合,引导新疆经济的跨越式发展。中国-中亚能源大通道和新疆口岸基地建设能够相互促进,“新丝绸之路经济带”发展战略的提出,更是给两方面的发展带了良好的机遇,自治区各部门要以“新丝绸之路经济带”概念为依托,切实做好能源大通道和口岸基地建设工作。
[Abstract]:In 2013, China's net oil import has exceeded that of the United States, and now it has become the world's largest net oil importer. The growth of natural gas consumption also occupies a larger proportion of global growth. China's current oil imports are mainly concentrated in Saudi Arabia (19.8%), Angola (12.3%), Iran (10.9%) and other regions, which mostly pass through the Malacca sea. In order to increase the import of oil and gas, China has put forward a strategic decision to build a large energy channel in order to increase the import of oil and gas in order to increase the import of oil and gas. China has now built the energy channel with China Kazakh crude oil pipeline, China Central Asia natural gas pipeline as the main channel, and "west to East". Xinjiang is located in the northwest border of China, adjacent to many countries in Central Asia, the five countries in Central Asia are rich in energy resources, and the Central Asia - Caspian region is the main supply base for future energy, and the cooperation advantage of Xinjiang and Central Asian countries is obvious. The transfer of energy has brought opportunities to the development of Xinjiang in China Central Asia energy channel. Energy storage, processing and transportation can effectively promote the development of heavy industry, logistics, transportation and other industries in Xinjiang; energy cooperation, related construction projects have brought a large number of floating population for Xinjiang, and catering to Xinjiang, The development of services, finance, tourism and other industries has played a very good driving role, and then optimizes the industrial structure of Xinjiang and provides a large number of employment opportunities. This has created a good environment for the development of Xinjiang port base. Xinjiang is the longest border line in China, adjacent to the largest provinces in the country and many ports. The port has developed the economic development of the Xinjiang region. In 2014, the total amount of foreign trade in Xinjiang reached 27 billion 670 million US dollars, and the proportion of border trade in import and export trade reached the central and autonomous region of 51%., which paid great attention to the development of Xinjiang port, given the inclination of materials, manpower, policy and so on, and actively carried out the construction of economic cooperation zone with the Central Asian countries. But because of the limitation of space, the development of various industries in the port is restricted. The point axis development theory should be taken as the development model of the Xinjiang port, the economic development of the radiation area through the port, the development of the ports in the region, the lack of funds and talents, and the cause of the Xinjiang port. The infrastructure construction of the bank is backward, the management personnel and the professional and technical personnel can not meet the needs of the port development. The government of the autonomous region can regulate the macro level, point out the direction of the flow of foreign capital, and also introduce talents to enhance the investment in education so as to ensure the demand for talents. The economic cooperation zone is a port base. The important part of the establishment has an obvious effect on the deepening of the border trade and the development of the economy. However, due to the short time and the imperfect function of the cooperative zone, the relevant departments should further strengthen the support for the economic cooperation zone and promote the cooperation zone to play its role as soon as possible. In addition, the evaluation index system for the construction of the energy large channel should be set up. In order to clear the future construction trend of the energy large channel, on the one hand, we can play the role of Xinjiang's node to ensure the operation of the large channel of energy; on the other hand, it can combine with the construction of large energy channels to guide the leapfrog development of the Xinjiang economy. China Central Asia energy channel and the construction of the Xinjiang port base can promote each other, "new silk" The development strategy of the Road Economic Zone has brought a good opportunity for the development of the two aspects. The departments of the autonomous region should rely on the concept of "the economic belt of the new Silk Road", and do a good job in the construction of the large channel of energy and the base of the port.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.8;F426.2

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