国际贸易中竞争行为与合竞行为的对比研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 02:53

本文选题：合竞行为 + 贸易总额　；参考：《杭州电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际贸易是研究“合作共赢”的经济理论，但它的实证指标如贸易条件指数、贸易竞争优势指数等却都是建立在竞争理念基础上，这种“合作共赢”的理论与“竞争性”实证指标的对立问题是本文关注的焦点。国际贸易的“合作共赢”是一种合作与竞争并存的现象，而现有的理论研究很多是从单一的合作或竞争的角度研究国际贸易问题。虽然有些贸易理论模型包含了合作与竞争并存的思想，但这些理论都没有讲清楚合作与竞争的关系，最终被误认为是研究竞争为主的理论。基于上述理论认识，学者们设计的国际贸易实证指标都是基于竞争思想的，，而反映了国际贸易“合作共赢”理念的指标基本没有，即使有也很少运用。而且有些实证指标被误解，比如贸易竞争优势指数TSC（贸易差额/贸易总额），贸易差额反映了两个国家的贸易竞争程度，而贸易总额则反映了两个国家的合作程度，贸易差额与贸易总额之比，显然不能反映现实中一个国家/地区的贸易竞争优势，而是反映两个国家的合作与竞争关系。针对上述理论和实证指标中存在的问题，本文基于合竞行为理论，详细地梳理了现有的国际贸易理论中的合作与竞争行为，归纳了国际贸易中竞争行为、合竞行为的特征，用贸易差额、贸易总额、贸易差额与贸易总额的比值三个指标分别表示竞争行为、合竞行为以及两者的相对强弱程度。通过实证分析贸易总额排名前四十的国家/地区，以及3个典型国家（中国、美国、德国）的三个指标的演变规律，并与传统的实证指标进行比较，得出以下四点结论：总体看来，在国际贸易中，贸易总额越高的国家/地区竞争行为相对弱于合竞行为；与发展中国家相比，发达国家/地区的竞争行为相对于合竞行为基本没有太大变化；3个典型国家随着合竞行为不断增强，贸易都朝均衡的方向发展；不论一国是否发生危机，金融/经济危机对贸易失衡具有自修复作用。
[Abstract]:International trade is the economic theory of "cooperation and win-win", but its empirical indicators, such as terms of trade index and trade competitive advantage index, are all based on the concept of competition. The antagonism between the theory of "cooperation and win-win" and the empirical index of "competition" is the focus of this paper. The "win-win cooperation" in international trade is a phenomenon of co-existence of cooperation and competition, and many of the existing theoretical studies are to study international trade problems from the perspective of single cooperation or competition. Although some trade theory models contain the idea of cooperation and competition, these theories do not clearly explain the relationship between cooperation and competition, and are mistaken for the theory of competition. Based on the above theoretical understanding, the empirical indicators of international trade designed by scholars are based on the idea of competition, but there are few indicators reflecting the concept of "win-win cooperation" in international trade. Moreover, some empirical indicators have been misunderstood, such as the trade balance / total trade index (TSC), which reflects the degree of trade competition between the two countries, and the total trade volume reflects the degree of cooperation between the two countries. The ratio of trade balance to total trade obviously does not reflect the trade competitive advantage of a country or region in reality, but reflects the cooperation and competition relationship between two countries. In view of the problems existing in the above theoretical and empirical indicators, this paper, based on the theory of competitive behavior, summarizes the characteristics of competitive behavior and competitive behavior in international trade by combing out the cooperative and competitive behaviors in the existing theories of international trade in detail. The three indexes of trade balance, total trade, and the ratio of trade balance to total trade are used to indicate the competitive behavior, competitive behavior and the relative strength and weakness of the two indexes respectively. Through the empirical analysis of the evolution of the three indicators of the top 40 countries and three typical countries (China, the United States, Germany), and compared with the traditional empirical indicators, The following four conclusions are drawn: in general, the countries / regions with higher total trade in international trade have relatively weaker competitive behaviour than competing behaviors; compared with developing countries, The competitive behavior of developed countries / regions has basically not changed much compared with that of competing behaviors; the trade of the three typical countries is developing in a balanced direction with the increasing competition behavior; whether or not a country has a crisis or not, The financial / economic crisis has a self-repairing effect on trade imbalances.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F746

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