我国出口企业工资溢价现象研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 20:15

本文选题：自我选择效应 + 出口学习效应　；参考：《浙江工商大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国经济增速有所放缓,逐渐迈入“转型”特殊时期。2014年第四季度GDP,相比去年,由7.6%的同比增长速度降低为7.3%。而2014年我国居民人均可支配收入20167元,比上年名义增长10.1%。就不同部门而言,出口企业员工工资水平大体上远远高于本土企业员工工资水平,成为行业内翘楚。出口企业的高工资水平与其高生产率和丰富的管理经验密不可分,且二者具体作用机制可归纳为出口学习效应和自我选择效应。但是企业产出中出口比例大小是否对企业出口溢价程度有所影响呢?针对我国特殊的出口产品结构,有必要根据出口密度的不同,对出口企业进行分类,分别测算不同出口密度的企业出口溢价程度,为促进我国出口行业和出口产品的结构升级提供理论基础。本文以中国当前经济走势下贸易对工资的溢出效应为切入点,旨在考察贸易发展以及出口密度对劳动收入分配的影响,试图解释以下两个核心问题：第一,制造业出口工资溢价效应发生的路径是什么,出口学习效应还是自我选择效应?第二,制造业的出口密度差异对劳动收入分配的影响机理和传导机制是什么?本文将从劳动分配差异等现实问题出发,在对关于企业异质性贸易理论的文献梳理和评论的基础上,利用2001—-2009年工业企业微观数据,首先,检验中国制造业中出口企业的出口工资溢价现象的存在性；其次,研究出口企业自我选择效应和出口学习效应的作用机制和对劳动收入分配的贡献程度；最后,针对不同出口密度的出口企业,检验其出口工资溢价大小。本文的内容安排如下：第一章为导论。第二章整理有关的理论背景,并综述了目前学术界有关出口与工资水平方面的理论和实证分析的主要文献。第三章为实证分析,包括变量选取与解释、数据来源以及实证模型的构建。第四章则为具体的实证检验以及结论总结,并指出了不足之处和进一步研究的方向。第五章针对以上现象和研究结论提出若干政策建议。本文的主要结论如下：具有较高工资水平的企业由于自我选择效应而优先进入国际市场,并通过出口学习效应在一定程度上进一步提高了企业的工资水平。一方面,从企业总体的角度出发,我们发现,出口企业相对于非出口企业存在显著的出口工资溢价效应,这与传统异质性企业理论相符。另一方面,从出口密度的角度上看,由于以生产率低而出口密度高为主要特征的加工出口企业的存在,使得我国具有出口密度差异企业的出口工资溢价程度不全相同。我国生产率较高的低出口密度企业存在工资溢价现象,这与一般出口企业相关,而生产率低的高出口密度企业则没有工资溢价效应,且不存在学习效应,这是由于受到加工出口企业的影响。总结而言,贸易具有较为显著的劳动收入分配效应。与现有文献相比,本文可能的创新点在于：(1)本文在总结国内外相关文献研究的基础上,结合传统贸易理论、新新贸易理论和企业异质性理论,以自我选择效应和出口学习效应两个视角分别研究企业工资水平与出口行为的深层关系,分析贸易的收入分配效应。(2)鉴于出口行为对具有不同出口密度的行业的劳动收入影响可能存在差异,本文在考察贸易对劳动收入分配影响的同时,对出口密度不同的行业进行了考察。
[Abstract]:China's economic growth has slowed down, gradually entering the special period of "transformation" in the fourth quarter of.2014, GDP, compared with last year, the growth rate of 7.6% was reduced to 7.3%., and the per capita disposable income of China's residents was 20167 yuan in 2014. Compared with the previous year's nominal increase of 10.1%., the wage level of the employees in the export enterprises was substantially higher than that of the previous year. The wage level of the employees of local enterprises has become the top priority in the industry. The high wage level of the export enterprises is closely related to the high productivity and rich management experience. The specific mechanism of the two parties can be summed up as the export learning effect and the self selection effect. But whether the export proportion of the enterprise output has a shadow on the degree of the export premium of the enterprise has some effect. In view of the special export structure of our country, it is necessary to classify the export enterprises according to the different export density, calculate the export premium degree of the enterprises with different export density, and provide the theoretical basis for the promotion of the structure upgrading of the export industry and export products in China. The spillover effect is the breakthrough point to examine the effects of trade development and the export density on labor income distribution, and try to explain the following two core issues: first, what is the path of the wage premium effect in the manufacturing export, the export learning effect or the self selection effect? Second, the difference in the export density of the manufacturing industry to the labor income What are the mechanism and transmission mechanism of the impact of distribution? This article will start from the practical problems such as the difference of labor distribution and so on. On the basis of reviewing and reviewing the literature on the theory of enterprise heterogeneity trade, using the micro data of industrial enterprises in 2001 to -2009 years, first, check the deposit of the export wage premium of the export enterprises in the Chinese manufacturing industry. Secondly, we study the mechanism of the self selection effect and the export learning effect of export enterprises and the contribution degree to the distribution of labor income. Finally, the export wage premium for export enterprises with different export density is tested. The contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction. The second chapter collates the relevant theoretical background, The main literature on the theoretical and empirical analysis of export and wage level in the academic circle is summarized. The third chapter is an empirical analysis, including the selection and interpretation of variables, the data source and the construction of the empirical model. The fourth chapter is the concrete empirical test and conclusion, and points out the shortcomings and further research directions. The fifth chapter puts forward some policy suggestions in view of the above phenomena and conclusions. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the enterprises with higher wages are given priority to the international market because of their self choice effect, and the wage level of enterprises is further improved through the effect of export learning. On the one hand, the overall angle of the enterprise is from the overall angle of the enterprise. On the other hand, from the point of view of the export density, the export density is the main characteristic of the low productivity and the export density is the main characteristic of the export enterprises, which makes China have the export density. The export wage premium of different enterprises is not all the same. There is a wage premium in low export density enterprises with high productivity in our country, which is related to the general export enterprises, while the high export density enterprises with low productivity have no wage premium effect and do not have the learning effect, which is due to the influence of the export enterprises. Compared with the existing literature, the possible innovation points of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of summarizing the relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper combines the traditional trade theory, the new new trade theory and the theory of enterprise heterogeneity, and divides it into two perspectives: self selection effect and export learning effect. Do not study the deep relationship between the wage level and the export behavior of the enterprise and analyze the income distribution effect of trade. (2) in view of the difference in the effect of export behavior on the labor income of industries with different export density, this paper examines the effects of trade on the distribution of labor income and examines the industries with different export density.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.62;F272.92

【参考文献】