出口治理视角下的中国行业协会作用研究
发布时间：2018-07-13 11:59
【摘要】：自2001年入世以来,中国进出口业得到快速发展。2013年中国首次超过美国,一举成为世界上出口规模最大的国家,并且连续多年保持这一排名。世界贸易组织2015年发布的《全球贸易统计和展望》报告显示,中国出口货物贸易规模依然位居全球第一,且占有世界贸易份额的13.8%。因此,在后危机时代,中国很容易成为各进口国指责的对象并可能招致一定的报复。越来越多的国家将贸易保护主义的矛头挥向中国,这严重限制了我国外贸业的健康有序发展,侵害了我国出口企业的正当利益。此时,就需要一种有效的社会力量,对我国外贸业进行治理,维护我国出口行业的稳定发展,避免经济的大起大落。行业协会是政府职能转变以及市场经济长期发展的产物,在经济运行过程中能够发挥越来越不可或缺的影响力。尤其在出口治理过程中,行业协会更可以展现政府和企业都无法体现的优势,在促进贸易出口、化解贸易争端、维护行业发展秩序等方面发挥重要的作用。首先,本文在分析、总结前人研究成果基础之上,对与行业协会出口治理相关的若干概念进行了界定,并且针对目前的研究成果进行评述。其次,运用“囚徒困境”理论、有限理性理论和交易成本理论以及公共池塘资源理论分析阐释了行业协会出口治理的作用机制。然后,在奥尔森集体行动理论基础上,引入声誉机制,构建扩展的集体行动理论框架,作为案例分析的理论基础。通过2009年美国轮胎特保案1和2016年中美卡客车轮胎“双反”案的对比分析,剖析了中国橡胶工业协会成功应诉的原因,进一步论证了行业协会在出口治理中的积极作用,并为国内其他行业协会学习提供了参照。然而,总体而言,我国行业协会在出口治理中还有许多方面需要加以完善,如在行业自律、公共关系处理以及向政府和企业传递信息等方面存在诸多不足。究其原因,主要是由于我国行业协会的法律地位尚未明确、成员覆盖面太过狭窄且代表性差,难以体现行业协会出口治理的优势和作用。此外,行业协会还存在诸如服务意识落后、业务能力不足、人员层次不高以及经费缺乏等问题,这些问题都进一步影响了行业协会在出口治理中的功效发挥。最后,本文从政府和行业协会两个层面提出了提高我国行业协会出口治理水平的对策。
[Abstract]:Since China entered WTO in 2001, China's import and export industry has developed rapidly. In 2013, China overtook the United States for the first time to become the largest export country in the world, and maintained this ranking for many years in a row. The report "Global Trade Statistics and prospects" released by the World Trade Organization in 2015 shows that China's export trade in goods still ranks first in the world and occupies 13.8percent of the world trade share. As a result, in the post-crisis era, China can easily be blamed by importing countries and may attract some retaliation. More and more countries take the spearhead of trade protectionism at China, which seriously limits the healthy and orderly development of China's foreign trade and infringes the legitimate interests of our export enterprises. At this time, we need an effective social force to manage our foreign trade, maintain the stable development of our export industry, and avoid the ups and downs of the economy. The trade association is the product of the transformation of government function and the long-term development of market economy, and can exert more and more indispensable influence in the process of economic operation. Especially in the process of export governance, trade associations can show the advantages that can not be reflected by the government and enterprises, and play an important role in promoting trade exports, resolving trade disputes, maintaining trade development order and so on. Firstly, on the basis of analyzing and summarizing the previous research results, this paper defines some concepts related to the export governance of trade associations, and comments on the current research results. Secondly, using the theory of "prisoner's dilemma", the theory of limited rationality, the theory of transaction cost and the theory of public pond resources, the paper explains the mechanism of trade association's export governance. Then, on the basis of Olson's collective action theory, the reputation mechanism is introduced, and the extended framework of collective action theory is constructed as the theoretical basis of case analysis. Based on the comparative analysis of the case of "double opposition" of American passenger car tire in 2009 and 2016, this paper analyzes the reasons for the successful response of the China Rubber Industry Association, and further demonstrates the positive role of the trade association in the export management. It also provides reference for the study of other industry associations in China. However, in general, China's trade associations still need to be perfected in many aspects of export governance, such as industry self-discipline, public relations processing, and the transmission of information to the government and enterprises. The main reason is that the legal status of China's trade associations is not clear, the coverage of the members is too narrow and the representativeness is poor, it is difficult to reflect the advantages and functions of the trade associations' export governance. In addition, there are still some problems such as backward service consciousness, insufficient business ability, low level of personnel and lack of funds, which further affect the efficiency of trade associations in export governance. Finally, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve the level of export governance of China's trade associations from the two levels of government and trade associations.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.62;F203
[Abstract]:Since China entered WTO in 2001, China's import and export industry has developed rapidly. In 2013, China overtook the United States for the first time to become the largest export country in the world, and maintained this ranking for many years in a row. The report "Global Trade Statistics and prospects" released by the World Trade Organization in 2015 shows that China's export trade in goods still ranks first in the world and occupies 13.8percent of the world trade share. As a result, in the post-crisis era, China can easily be blamed by importing countries and may attract some retaliation. More and more countries take the spearhead of trade protectionism at China, which seriously limits the healthy and orderly development of China's foreign trade and infringes the legitimate interests of our export enterprises. At this time, we need an effective social force to manage our foreign trade, maintain the stable development of our export industry, and avoid the ups and downs of the economy. The trade association is the product of the transformation of government function and the long-term development of market economy, and can exert more and more indispensable influence in the process of economic operation. Especially in the process of export governance, trade associations can show the advantages that can not be reflected by the government and enterprises, and play an important role in promoting trade exports, resolving trade disputes, maintaining trade development order and so on. Firstly, on the basis of analyzing and summarizing the previous research results, this paper defines some concepts related to the export governance of trade associations, and comments on the current research results. Secondly, using the theory of "prisoner's dilemma", the theory of limited rationality, the theory of transaction cost and the theory of public pond resources, the paper explains the mechanism of trade association's export governance. Then, on the basis of Olson's collective action theory, the reputation mechanism is introduced, and the extended framework of collective action theory is constructed as the theoretical basis of case analysis. Based on the comparative analysis of the case of "double opposition" of American passenger car tire in 2009 and 2016, this paper analyzes the reasons for the successful response of the China Rubber Industry Association, and further demonstrates the positive role of the trade association in the export management. It also provides reference for the study of other industry associations in China. However, in general, China's trade associations still need to be perfected in many aspects of export governance, such as industry self-discipline, public relations processing, and the transmission of information to the government and enterprises. The main reason is that the legal status of China's trade associations is not clear, the coverage of the members is too narrow and the representativeness is poor, it is difficult to reflect the advantages and functions of the trade associations' export governance. In addition, there are still some problems such as backward service consciousness, insufficient business ability, low level of personnel and lack of funds, which further affect the efficiency of trade associations in export governance. Finally, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve the level of export governance of China's trade associations from the two levels of government and trade associations.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.62;F203
【参考文献】
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