碳关税对国际贸易的影响及我国的对策研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 11:56

【摘要】：随着人类经济社会的不断发展和进步,环境保护越来越严重地表现出与经济发展之间的矛盾,大量排放温室气体会引起温室效应,导致全球变暖、地球上存在的病虫害增加、海平面上升以及气候异常等其他一系列各种问题。人们渐渐开始认识到温室效应给我们带来的危害,越来越多的国际组织、国家(地区)开始采取各种措施,以减少温室气体给我们带来的伤害。我国的对外贸易大多是依赖传统的高耗能、高碳排放的产业,从而缺乏与欧美等发达国家竞争的实力。一旦又被征收了碳关税,我国的对外贸易将遭受到非常大的影响。面对低碳经济背景下征收碳关税这一全新挑战,我国也应尽早对碳关税对国际贸易的影响及我国的对策问题进行研究。本文主要从三个创新方面来研究碳关税对国际贸易的影响及我国的对策问题：第一,本文拟借用古诺模型完善碳关税的概况；第二,本文采用辩证的观点看待碳关税,既看到了碳关税对我国对外贸易的不利影响,也强调了其有利影响；第三,本文从碳关税对国际贸易的影响入手,选题方面比较创新。围绕上述三个创新方面,本文首先介绍了论文的研究背景及意义,系统梳理国内外文献及研究现状,接着从碳关税概况和我国碳排放及对外贸易的现状出发,借用古诺模型具体分析碳关税,完善碳关税的概况,即假定两个出口国和一个进口国,两个出口国的出口厂商在生产过程中,既会产生区域性排放,又会产生跨界排放,又结合一个两阶段的博弈模型,分析征收碳关税以后贸易环境的变化,据此求解出进口国在社会福利最大化条件下的最优差别碳关税税率以及两出口国的出口厂商在进口国市场追求利润最大化条件下的市场均衡产量。并以此为基础,分析碳关税对我国对外贸易的影响,从国际视角和国内视角两方面提出我国应对碳关税的对策与建议,以期对有关部门的决策提供有益的思路。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development and progress of human economy and society, the contradiction between environmental protection and economic development is becoming more and more serious. A large amount of greenhouse gas emissions will cause Greenhouse Effect, cause global warming, and increase the number of diseases and pests on the earth. Sea level rise and climate anomalies and a range of other problems. People are beginning to realize the harm that Greenhouse Effect brings to us, and more international organizations, countries and regions are taking various measures to reduce the harm caused by greenhouse gases. China's foreign trade mostly depends on traditional industries with high energy consumption and high carbon emissions, so it lacks the strength to compete with developed countries such as Europe and America. Once the carbon tariff has been levied, China's foreign trade will be greatly affected. In the face of the new challenge of levying carbon tariff under the background of low carbon economy, our country should also study the influence of carbon tariff on international trade and the countermeasures of our country as soon as possible. This paper mainly studies the impact of carbon tariff on international trade from three aspects of innovation and the countermeasures of our country: first, this paper uses Cournot model to perfect the general situation of carbon tariff; second, this paper takes a dialectical view of carbon tariff. It not only sees the adverse effect of carbon tariff on China's foreign trade, but also emphasizes its beneficial effect. Thirdly, this paper starts with the impact of carbon tariff on international trade, and the topic is more innovative. Focusing on the above three innovative aspects, this paper first introduces the research background and significance of the paper, systematically combing the domestic and foreign literature and research status, then starting from the general situation of carbon tariff and the current situation of China's carbon emissions and foreign trade. By using the Cournot model to analyze carbon tariffs and improve the general situation of carbon tariffs, it is assumed that two exporting countries and one importing country, the exporters of two exporting countries, will produce both regional and transboundary emissions in the production process. Combined with a two-stage game model, this paper analyzes the changes in the trading environment after carbon tariffs are levied. The optimal differential carbon tariff rate for importing countries under the condition of maximization of social welfare and the market equilibrium output under the condition of maximizing profits in the market of the two exporting countries are obtained. On this basis, this paper analyzes the impact of carbon tariffs on China's foreign trade, and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for China to deal with carbon tariffs from both the international and domestic perspectives, in order to provide useful ideas for the relevant departments to make decisions.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.5;F752.6

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