中美服务贸易逆差成因分析及对策
发布时间：2019-02-22 14:32
【摘要】：如今，服务贸易发展已成为推动世界各个国家和地区经济发展的主要趋势，，且服务贸易在中国对外贸易中所占比重也越来越大。但是，自2000年以来，中国服务贸易一直处于逆差状态，截止2013年底中国已经成为世界上第一服务贸易逆差国。虽然中国服务贸易规模在逐年扩大，但是中国服务贸易逆差现象却也越来越严重，长此以往，必会使中国资源外流和外债增加，进而严重影响中国经济发展。虽然美国在金融危机中经济发展受到重创，但美国在世界上仍然是第一大服务贸易强国，这对中国发展服务贸易来讲具有借鉴意义。在中国服务贸易逆差中，其中逆差比重所占份额最大的是中美服务贸易逆差，且近年来中美服务贸易逆差扩大趋势显著提高，因此有必要切实深入地对中美服务贸易逆差成因问题进行分析。通过对中美服务贸易逆差成因的分析，一方面可以根据分析结果提出具有针对性的改善中美服务贸易逆差问题的建议，另一方面也可以为更好地分析和解决中国服务贸易逆差问题提供理论基础并指导实践。本文研究的首要目的是改善中美服务贸易逆差问题，促进中国服务贸易的发展，实现货物贸易与服务贸易的协调稳定发展。 本文以比较优势理论、竞争优势理论以及贸易引力模型为理论支撑，以分析中美服务贸易逆差的成因为本文研究的立足点，通过对中美服务贸易逆差成因问题的定性分析和实证分析，最终总结出导致中美服务贸易逆差的根本原因，并在此基础上提出改善中美服务贸易逆差问题的针对性合理建议。 本文共分为六大部分。第一部分是引言部分，主要介绍了选题背景、研究意义、研究目的、研究方法、研究内容、相关文献综述及创新与不足之处。第二部分是相关概念及理论基础，主要包括服务贸易的概念、比较优势理论与竞争优势理论以及贸易引力模型。第三部分主要介绍了中美服务贸易逆差现状，首先从总体上对中美服务贸易进出口状况及逆差总额进行了分析，然后又对每个主要逆差行业作了具体分析。第四部分是用定性分析的方法从贸易结构、产业结构、货物贸易、信息通信技术、人才与法律六个方面对中美服务贸易逆差成因问题作出了分析。第五部分运用实证分析方法，在对影响中美服务贸易因素实证分析的基础上，结合当前学者的研究成果对实证结果进行了分析，并得出结论。第六部分主要针对前面所做的成因分析提出具有针对性的合理建议：优化产业结构、鼓励新兴服务贸易发展、充分发挥货物贸易的带动作用、加强培养服务业专业人才、大力发展信息通讯服务业，以期改善中美服务贸易逆差问题。 通过运用引力模型得出的实证结果是：中国GDP的增加对中美服务贸易出口有正向影响，美国GDP的增加对中美服务贸易进口有正向影响，且后者影响比前者大；中国第三产业增加值占GDP比重的提高对中美服务贸易出口具有明显促进作用，美国第三产业增加值占GDP比重的提高对中美服务贸易进口具有明显促进作用，且后者影响比前者大；中国互联网普及率的提高对中美服务贸易出口有正向影响，美国互联网普及率的提高对中美服务贸易进口有正向影响，且后者影响比前者大；中美货物贸易出口对中美服务贸易出口具有明显促进作用，中美货物贸易进口对中美服务贸易进口具有明显促进作用，且后者影响比前者大。 通过定性分析与实证分析最终得出的结论是：产业结构不合理、服务贸易结构不合理、货物贸易带动作用较小、信息通讯技术保障作用薄弱、服务业高素质人才缺乏和美国对外资企业的法律限制是中美服务贸易逆差的重要成因，优化产业结构、鼓励新兴服务贸易发展、充分发挥货物贸易的带动作用、加强培养服务业专业人才、大力发展信息通讯服务业能够改善中美服务贸易逆差问题。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the development of service trade has become the main trend to promote the economic development of all countries and regions of the world, and the proportion of service trade in China's foreign trade is also increasing. However, since 2000, China's service trade has been in a deficit state, and China has become the first trade deficit country in the world by the end of 2013. Although the scale of China's service trade is expanding year by year, the trade deficit of China's services has become more and more serious. Although the economic development of the United States has been hit hard in the financial crisis, the United States remains the first large-service trade power in the world, which is of reference for China's development service trade. in that trade deficit of China's service, the share of the deficit share the largest share of the trade deficit of the middle-and-the-America service, and in recent years, the trend of the trade deficit between the US and the United States has increased significantly, so it is necessary to make an effective and in-depth analysis of the cause of the trade deficit in China and the United States. Through the analysis of the cause of the trade deficit of the Sino-US service, on the one hand, the suggestion on the trade deficit of the service trade deficit of China can be put forward according to the analysis result, and on the other hand, it can provide a theoretical foundation for the better analysis and resolution of the trade deficit of China's services and guide the practice. The main purpose of this paper is to improve the trade deficit of China's services and to promote the development of China's service trade and to realize the coordinated and stable development of the trade in goods and services. In this paper, the comparative advantage theory, the competitive advantage theory and the trade gravity model are used as the theoretical support to analyze the trade deficit of the Sino-US services. In this paper, the root cause of the trade deficit of the middle-and-the-the-the-art service is finally summarized, and the corresponding reasonable construction of the trade deficit of the middle-and-the-the-art service is put forward based on the analysis. The paper is divided into six parts. The first part is the introduction part, mainly introduces the background, the research significance, the research purpose, the research method, the research content, the relevant literature review and the innovation and the not The second part is the concept of service trade, comparative advantage theory and competitive advantage theory and trade. The third part mainly introduces the current situation of the trade deficit in China and the United States. First, the paper analyzes the import and export status and the total deficit of the Sino-US service trade, and then makes a difference to each major deficit industry. The fourth part is to make a qualitative analysis from the trade structure, the industrial structure, the goods trade, the information communication technology, the talent and the law to the cause of the trade deficit of China and the United States The fifth part uses the empirical analysis method, on the basis of the empirical analysis of the trade factors of the American service trade in the influence, and the empirical results are analyzed by combining the research results of the current scholars. The sixth part of the paper puts forward some reasonable suggestions for the cause analysis of the previous work: to optimize the industrial structure, to encourage the development of the emerging service trade, to give full play to the driving role of the goods trade, to strengthen the training of the professional personnel of the service industry and to develop the information communication vigorously Service industry, with a view to improving the trade of the middle-and-the-the-United States The empirical result obtained by using the gravity model is that the increase of China's GDP has a positive effect on the trade export of China-US services, and the increase of the US GDP has a positive effect on the import of the Sino-US service trade, and the latter The increase of the added value of the tertiary industry in China has a significant effect on the export of the Sino-US service trade, and the increase of the value of the tertiary industry in the United States accounts for the increase in the proportion of GDP, which has a significant effect on the import of the Sino-US service trade, and the latter The increase of Internet penetration in China has a positive impact on the export of China-US service trade, and the increase of Internet penetration in the United States has a positive effect on the import of China-US service trade, and the latter has a great effect on the former. The import of Sino-US trade in goods has a significant effect on the import of the Sino-US service trade, and the latter The result of qualitative analysis and empirical analysis is that the industrial structure is not reasonable, the structure of service trade is not reasonable, the effect of trade in goods is small, and the information communication skill The weakness of the operation guarantee, the lack of high-quality personnel in the service industry and the legal limitation of the US to the foreign-capital enterprise are the important cause of the trade deficit of the Chinese-American service, optimize the industrial structure, encourage the development of the new service trade, give full play to the driving effect of the trade in goods, and strengthen the cultivation Service industry professionals, develop the information communication service industry to improve the middle-and-the-the-the-class service
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.68;F757.12
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the development of service trade has become the main trend to promote the economic development of all countries and regions of the world, and the proportion of service trade in China's foreign trade is also increasing. However, since 2000, China's service trade has been in a deficit state, and China has become the first trade deficit country in the world by the end of 2013. Although the scale of China's service trade is expanding year by year, the trade deficit of China's services has become more and more serious. Although the economic development of the United States has been hit hard in the financial crisis, the United States remains the first large-service trade power in the world, which is of reference for China's development service trade. in that trade deficit of China's service, the share of the deficit share the largest share of the trade deficit of the middle-and-the-America service, and in recent years, the trend of the trade deficit between the US and the United States has increased significantly, so it is necessary to make an effective and in-depth analysis of the cause of the trade deficit in China and the United States. Through the analysis of the cause of the trade deficit of the Sino-US service, on the one hand, the suggestion on the trade deficit of the service trade deficit of China can be put forward according to the analysis result, and on the other hand, it can provide a theoretical foundation for the better analysis and resolution of the trade deficit of China's services and guide the practice. The main purpose of this paper is to improve the trade deficit of China's services and to promote the development of China's service trade and to realize the coordinated and stable development of the trade in goods and services. In this paper, the comparative advantage theory, the competitive advantage theory and the trade gravity model are used as the theoretical support to analyze the trade deficit of the Sino-US services. In this paper, the root cause of the trade deficit of the middle-and-the-the-the-art service is finally summarized, and the corresponding reasonable construction of the trade deficit of the middle-and-the-the-art service is put forward based on the analysis. The paper is divided into six parts. The first part is the introduction part, mainly introduces the background, the research significance, the research purpose, the research method, the research content, the relevant literature review and the innovation and the not The second part is the concept of service trade, comparative advantage theory and competitive advantage theory and trade. The third part mainly introduces the current situation of the trade deficit in China and the United States. First, the paper analyzes the import and export status and the total deficit of the Sino-US service trade, and then makes a difference to each major deficit industry. The fourth part is to make a qualitative analysis from the trade structure, the industrial structure, the goods trade, the information communication technology, the talent and the law to the cause of the trade deficit of China and the United States The fifth part uses the empirical analysis method, on the basis of the empirical analysis of the trade factors of the American service trade in the influence, and the empirical results are analyzed by combining the research results of the current scholars. The sixth part of the paper puts forward some reasonable suggestions for the cause analysis of the previous work: to optimize the industrial structure, to encourage the development of the emerging service trade, to give full play to the driving role of the goods trade, to strengthen the training of the professional personnel of the service industry and to develop the information communication vigorously Service industry, with a view to improving the trade of the middle-and-the-the-United States The empirical result obtained by using the gravity model is that the increase of China's GDP has a positive effect on the trade export of China-US services, and the increase of the US GDP has a positive effect on the import of the Sino-US service trade, and the latter The increase of the added value of the tertiary industry in China has a significant effect on the export of the Sino-US service trade, and the increase of the value of the tertiary industry in the United States accounts for the increase in the proportion of GDP, which has a significant effect on the import of the Sino-US service trade, and the latter The increase of Internet penetration in China has a positive impact on the export of China-US service trade, and the increase of Internet penetration in the United States has a positive effect on the import of China-US service trade, and the latter has a great effect on the former. The import of Sino-US trade in goods has a significant effect on the import of the Sino-US service trade, and the latter The result of qualitative analysis and empirical analysis is that the industrial structure is not reasonable, the structure of service trade is not reasonable, the effect of trade in goods is small, and the information communication skill The weakness of the operation guarantee, the lack of high-quality personnel in the service industry and the legal limitation of the US to the foreign-capital enterprise are the important cause of the trade deficit of the Chinese-American service, optimize the industrial structure, encourage the development of the new service trade, give full play to the driving effect of the trade in goods, and strengthen the cultivation Service industry professionals, develop the information communication service industry to improve the middle-and-the-the-the-class service
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.68;F757.12
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 陈双喜;潘海鹰;;中美服务贸易比较及中国服务贸易发展的对策[J];财经问题研究;2010年12期
2 陈双喜;王磊;宋e
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