北京市服务业内部结构优化研究
发布时间：2019-05-09 01:21
【摘要】：全球经济服务化态势日趋明显,服务业结构的优化升级已经成为现代经济发展的重要支撑。虽然北京市服务业总量发展势头良好,2015年北京市第三产业总产值18331,7亿元,第三产业就业人数比重也上升至78.8%,但相较于2005年的纽约依然存在约10%的差距,同时,北京市服务业劳动生产率从2000年至今整体下降15.6%,结合现实可以认为,目前北京市服务业内部产业结构依然处于低端化,内部结构不优。北京市处于京津冀一体化战略的核心位置,同时正努力打造"高精尖,,的经济结构,对现阶段北京市服务业内部结构的研究,有利于北京市服务业更好地升级和发展,也有利于北京市"高精尖"经济结构的优化。以往研究中大多将视角着眼于服务业与其他产业的相关关系、或者基于省级层面单一因素对于服务业结构优化的影响,较为忽视对大都市服务业内部结构的全方位探析。本文从供给和需求的角度,建立了以资本供给、劳动力资源、技术供给、产业政策、收入水平、城市化水平和国际服务贸易为主导因素的服务业内部结构变动的作用机理;将定性角度的要素密集程度、附加值率、比较劳动生产率和对国民经济其他部门的影响带动作用和定量角度的发达国家的比重均值作为结构优化的判断标准,主要选取了 2000-2015年间北京市地区生产总值、各行业就业水平等多项指标计算出增加值比重、比较劳动生产率、直接消耗系数、完全消耗系数和影响力系数,从内部结构变动趋势、比较劳动生产率变动、产业互动和产业波及三个维度对北京市服务业内部结构现状进行了全面而深入地分析;最后通过构建多元回归方程分析了各因素对北京市服务业内部结构变动的影响情况,对服务业结构优化的可能路径进行了探讨。结果发现,改革开放以来北京市服务业取得了长足的发展,但投入产出效率低下,生产效率低下;服务业内部已经从流通性服务业和生产性服务业并重转型为以生产性服务业为主导,应继续优化生产性服务业的发展,其内部金融业增长停滞,有待改进;在北京市服务业发展中,流通性服务业比重逐渐下降,但在一段时间内应继续为服务业中一重要的构成部分,需要提高流通性服务业的内部效率和国际竞争力。认为应在加强服务业人才培养、提高劳动力水平,大力发展以科技服务业为主的生产性服务业,提升流通产业效率、优化流通性服务业发展等方面做出进一步努力。
[Abstract]:The service trend of the global economy is becoming more and more obvious, and the optimization and upgrading of the service industry structure has become an important support for the development of modern economy. Although the total service industry in Beijing has a good momentum of development, the gross output value of the tertiary industry in Beijing was 183317 billion yuan in 2015, and the proportion of employment in the tertiary industry also rose to 78.8 percent, but there is still a gap of about 10 percent compared with New York in 2005. at the same time, The labor productivity of the service industry in Beijing has decreased by 15.6% since 2000. According to the reality, the internal industrial structure of the service industry in Beijing is still at a low end and the internal structure is not good. Beijing is at the core of the integration strategy of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. At the same time, efforts are being made to build a "high-precision, high-quality economic structure. The study of the internal structure of Beijing's service industry at this stage is conducive to the better upgrading and development of Beijing's service industry." It is also conducive to the optimization of Beijing's "high-precision" economic structure. Most of the previous studies have focused on the relationship between the service industry and other industries, or based on the influence of a single factor at the provincial level on the optimization of the service industry structure, neglecting the omni-directional analysis of the internal structure of the metropolitan service industry. From the point of view of supply and demand, this paper establishes the mechanism of internal structure change of service industry, which is dominated by capital supply, labor resources, technology supply, industrial policy, income level, urbanization level and international service trade. Take the factor density degree of qualitative angle, the ratio of additional value, the comparison of labor productivity and the driving effect on other sectors of national economy, and the proportion average of developed countries in quantitative angle as the judging criteria of structural optimization. This paper mainly selects many indexes, such as the gross domestic product (GDP) of Beijing area and the employment level of various industries in 2000 / 2015, to calculate the proportion of added value, and compares the labor productivity, direct consumption coefficient, complete consumption coefficient and influence coefficient. This paper makes a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the present situation of the internal structure of the service industry in Beijing from three dimensions: the changing trend of the internal structure, the change of the labor productivity, the industrial interaction and the industrial sweep. Finally, the influence of various factors on the internal structure change of service industry in Beijing is analyzed by constructing the multiple regression equation, and the possible ways to optimize the service structure are discussed. The results show that the service industry in Beijing has made great progress since the reform and opening up, but the input-output efficiency is low and the production efficiency is low. The development of producer service industry should continue to be optimized and the growth of its internal financial industry is stagnant, which needs to be improved because of the transformation from both circulating service industry and producer service industry to producer service industry. In the development of Beijing service industry, the proportion of liquidity service industry decreases gradually, but it should continue to be an important part of service industry for a period of time, and it is necessary to improve the internal efficiency and international competitiveness of liquidity service industry. It is considered that further efforts should be made in strengthening the training of talents in the service industry, raising the level of labor force, vigorously developing the producer service industry dominated by the service industry of science and technology, enhancing the efficiency of the circulation industry, and optimizing the development of the service industry of circulation.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F719
[Abstract]:The service trend of the global economy is becoming more and more obvious, and the optimization and upgrading of the service industry structure has become an important support for the development of modern economy. Although the total service industry in Beijing has a good momentum of development, the gross output value of the tertiary industry in Beijing was 183317 billion yuan in 2015, and the proportion of employment in the tertiary industry also rose to 78.8 percent, but there is still a gap of about 10 percent compared with New York in 2005. at the same time, The labor productivity of the service industry in Beijing has decreased by 15.6% since 2000. According to the reality, the internal industrial structure of the service industry in Beijing is still at a low end and the internal structure is not good. Beijing is at the core of the integration strategy of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. At the same time, efforts are being made to build a "high-precision, high-quality economic structure. The study of the internal structure of Beijing's service industry at this stage is conducive to the better upgrading and development of Beijing's service industry." It is also conducive to the optimization of Beijing's "high-precision" economic structure. Most of the previous studies have focused on the relationship between the service industry and other industries, or based on the influence of a single factor at the provincial level on the optimization of the service industry structure, neglecting the omni-directional analysis of the internal structure of the metropolitan service industry. From the point of view of supply and demand, this paper establishes the mechanism of internal structure change of service industry, which is dominated by capital supply, labor resources, technology supply, industrial policy, income level, urbanization level and international service trade. Take the factor density degree of qualitative angle, the ratio of additional value, the comparison of labor productivity and the driving effect on other sectors of national economy, and the proportion average of developed countries in quantitative angle as the judging criteria of structural optimization. This paper mainly selects many indexes, such as the gross domestic product (GDP) of Beijing area and the employment level of various industries in 2000 / 2015, to calculate the proportion of added value, and compares the labor productivity, direct consumption coefficient, complete consumption coefficient and influence coefficient. This paper makes a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the present situation of the internal structure of the service industry in Beijing from three dimensions: the changing trend of the internal structure, the change of the labor productivity, the industrial interaction and the industrial sweep. Finally, the influence of various factors on the internal structure change of service industry in Beijing is analyzed by constructing the multiple regression equation, and the possible ways to optimize the service structure are discussed. The results show that the service industry in Beijing has made great progress since the reform and opening up, but the input-output efficiency is low and the production efficiency is low. The development of producer service industry should continue to be optimized and the growth of its internal financial industry is stagnant, which needs to be improved because of the transformation from both circulating service industry and producer service industry to producer service industry. In the development of Beijing service industry, the proportion of liquidity service industry decreases gradually, but it should continue to be an important part of service industry for a period of time, and it is necessary to improve the internal efficiency and international competitiveness of liquidity service industry. It is considered that further efforts should be made in strengthening the training of talents in the service industry, raising the level of labor force, vigorously developing the producer service industry dominated by the service industry of science and technology, enhancing the efficiency of the circulation industry, and optimizing the development of the service industry of circulation.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F719
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