中国区域金融排斥的影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 20:22

【摘要】：金融排斥问题的研究最早始于英国等发达国家,现在越来越多的国家开始关注弱势群体被主流金融服务排除在外的现象。个人层面上,弱势人群在银行账户拥有量、储蓄、信贷、风险管理等方面均处于劣势;企业层面上,中小型企业融资艰难。如何缓解金融排斥问题在我国同样是一项重要的课题。本文通过研究来实现两个目标:其一,丰富国内对金融排斥的研究,为构造区域金融排斥指数提供新思路;其二,通过对金融排斥指数的测算和影响因素的深入分析,找出显著的影响因素,从而为缓解国内金融排斥问题提供政策支持。本文利用2009-2015年31个省市自治区的银行网点数等金融年度数据以及其他宏观年度数据进行实证分析。在测算指数时,不同于以往文献从金融排斥的分类维度出发,本文从供需角度出发来选择构造指标的因素,并用变异系数作为各个构成因素的权重。所构造的金融排斥指数越大,说明该区域的金融排斥现象越严重。在分析影响因素时,本文先分别将测算所得的综合、居民、企业金融排斥指数分为四段,绘制空间分布图以直观地观察其是否存在空间相关性,并通过Moran’s I检验和Local Moran散点图进行验证。然后,本文通过数据可混性检验确定是否能将截面数据进行时序混合,并在面板数据回归模型的基础上采用BSK检验其空间相关性后,选择合适的空间计量模型来分析各因素对金融排斥是否有显著影响。实证结果显示:中国区域金融排斥存在明显的区域差异和空间相关性;收入水平越高,当地居民金融排斥程度越低,同时,随着互联网普及率和城镇化水平的提高,居民金融排斥目前看来却是更严重;而该地区企业经营状况越好,当地企业金融排斥程度则越低。由此得到相应政策建议:因地制宜并加强区域合作;为缓解居民金融排斥,政府部门应努力提高当地居民金融资质;另外,在互联网普及和城镇化进程中,加强居民互联网金融教育并合理分配金融资源,使其综合影响转向有利于缓解金融排斥的一面;为缓解企业金融排斥,政府部门可以给有前景但一时处于困境的企业提供有效的增信措施,使其更容易获得金融服务。
[Abstract]:The study of financial exclusion started in Britain and other developed countries. Now more and more countries begin to pay attention to the phenomenon that the vulnerable groups are excluded by the mainstream financial services. On the personal level, the disadvantaged people are at a disadvantage in bank account ownership, savings, credit, risk management and so on; at the enterprise level, the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises is difficult. How to alleviate the problem of financial exclusion is also an important subject in China. This paper aims to achieve two goals through research: first, enrich the domestic research on financial exclusion, and provide a new idea for the construction of regional financial exclusion index; Secondly, through the calculation of the financial exclusion index and the in-depth analysis of the influencing factors, we can find out the significant influencing factors, thus providing policy support for alleviating the domestic financial exclusion problem. Based on the financial data of 31 provinces and autonomous regions in 2009-2015 and other macro-annual data, this paper makes an empirical analysis. When calculating the index, different from the classification dimension of financial exclusion, this paper selects the factors of construction index from the point of view of supply and demand, and uses the coefficient of variation as the weight of each component factor. The larger the financial exclusion index is, the more serious the financial exclusion is. When analyzing the influencing factors, this paper divides the comprehensive, resident and enterprise financial exclusion index into four sections, and draws the spatial distribution map to observe directly whether there is spatial correlation or not. And through Moran's I test and Local Moran scattered plot to verify. Then, this paper determines whether the cross-section data can be mixed in time series through the data mixability test, and then uses BSK to test its spatial correlation on the basis of panel data regression model. Choose the appropriate spatial measurement model to analyze whether the factors have a significant impact on financial exclusion. The empirical results show that: there are obvious regional differences and spatial correlation of regional financial exclusion in China; The higher the income level, the lower the degree of financial exclusion of local residents. At the same time, with the increase of Internet penetration rate and urbanization level, the financial exclusion of residents seems to be more serious. The better the business operation in this area, the lower the degree of financial exclusion of local enterprises. In order to alleviate the financial exclusion of residents, government departments should strive to improve the financial qualifications of local residents. In addition, in the process of popularization and urbanization of the Internet, strengthen the financial education of residents on the Internet and distribute financial resources rationally, so that the comprehensive influence will be turned to the side that is conducive to alleviating the financial exclusion; In order to alleviate the financial exclusion of enterprises, government departments can provide effective credit enhancement measures to prospective but temporarily troubled enterprises, making it easier for them to obtain financial services.
【学位授予单位】：中南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832

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