“韶山试验”——乡村人居环境有机更新方法与实践

发布时间：2018-01-04 18:36

本文关键词：“韶山试验”——乡村人居环境有机更新方法与实践　出处：《浙江大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：乡村是中国历史长河中永远无法绕开的“根”,却正面临着人居环境和经济社会的双重困境。因此,在提升乡村居住和生活条件的基本要求之上,当前乡村人居环境建设应该以推动乡村经济社会复兴为根本导向。但是,当前国内研究对此并未作出足够的回应,存在人居环境建设理论与推动乡村经济社会发展目标相脱离的问题,在实践上也频现以社区过度集聚为代表的建设误区,无益甚至有害于乡村经济社会发展。为此,在当前国家进入以城带乡、以工促农的新型城乡关系时代背景下,本文以笔者亲自参与的“韶山华润希望小镇”这一至今持续4年的乡村建设实证案例为依托,采用了观察参与、解释分析、归纳总结等方法,尝试建立以推动乡村经济社会发展为根本导向的人居环境有机更新方法。本文的主要成果可概括为：1,建立了以推动乡村经济社会复兴为导向的乡村人居环境有机更新理念。首先从建筑学角度,对乡村人居环境进行分析,将其分判为秩序、功能两大属性内容,并按照宏观至微观顺序,将秩序分为格局、肌理、形制、形式四个层级,将功能分为面域、点域两个层级。引入“有机秩序”概念,指出有机秩序是传统乡村人居环境的重要特征。其次,通过对新型城乡交换外部契机的解释分析,提出乡村人居环境作为乡村内部新价值体进入新型城乡交换,以推动乡村经济发展乃至社会复兴的高度可能性,并明确了有机秩序、现代功能兼容并重是实现乡村人居环境新价值的必备特征条件。由此导出“有机秩序修护、现代功能植入”的有机更新理念。2,基于有机更新理念,以“韶山华润希望小镇”项目为依托,建构了具体的乡村人居环境有机更新策略,包括营建方式、合作机制两方面,并从实践出发进行详细论述。首先,根据有机秩序退化与现代功能滞后的乡村人居环境问题,有体系性地探讨了营建方式,包括：采用“低度干预”方式进行村域整合,提出格局保育、肌理保护、面域现代功能嵌入的原则和措施；采用“本土融合”方式进行公共建筑设计营造,提出单元形制、建筑形式、现代公共功能与基地村落、周边村落、湖湘地域的具体融合要求和原则；采用“原型+调适”方式进行农宅更新,提出院落形制、建筑形式、居住功能三方面与乡土性、现代性、经济性要求相接合的农宅原型归纳办法,并在此基础上,提出农宅原型调适过程中所采用的现状农宅建筑质量评估与分类方法、“安全”与“加法”的农宅更新原则、以及多样模块化的菜单选择式原型调适措施。其次,根据基地乡村经济社会现实困境,通过对乡土建造、现代建造两种合作模式的优势融合,提出了“乡村更新共同体”的合作机制,并从实践角度总结和阐述该共同体的基本架构及其内部整合关系、主要工作内容与方式,以及在该共同体长期运作基础上推动基地经济社会可持续发展与复兴的“溢出效应”。本研究不仅在方法层面上建立了乡村人居环境有机更新的理念与策略,而且在实践层面上,通过“以小见大”的方式,为当前紧迫而问题多现的乡村(特别是原生农业型乡村)人居环境建设,提供了一个比较详实的实证研究样本。这对充实“乡村建筑学”的相关理论,促进乡村的人居环境乃至经济社会全面、健康、长远发展,可能具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The country is a long history of China will never be able to bypass the "root", are facing the dilemma of living environment and economic society. Therefore, on the basis of the basic requirements to improve the rural living and living conditions, the current construction of rural human settlements should be to promote rural economic and social revival as the fundamental direction. However, the current domestic research has not been responding enough, there are theory of the construction of living environment and promote the goal of rural economic and social development from the problems in practice are also frequent in community construction as the representative of the excessive concentration of misunderstanding, not even harmful to the rural economic and social development. Therefore, in the current state into the village to the city to promote new agricultural the relationship between urban and rural areas under the background of this paper, I personally participate in the "Shaoshan Huarun Hope Town" which has 4 years of continuous rural construction case based on the In the observation, interpretation and analysis, summarizes the methods, try to establish the living environment of organic renewal method to stimulate rural economic and social development as the fundamental direction. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1, the establishment of the rural living environment to promote the concept of organic renewal of rural economic and social revival oriented. Firstly, from the angle of architecture, to the village the living environment is analyzed, the sub order, features two attributes, and in accordance with the macro to micro order, the order is divided into pattern, texture, shape, form four levels, will be divided into functional domain, domain two levels. The introduction of "organic order" concept, and points out that the organic order is an important feature of traditional human settlements. Secondly, based on the new urban and rural exchange external opportunity analysis, put forward rural living environment as a new value into the new village within the city to promote the exchange of Township, township High probability of village economic development and social Renaissance, and the organic order, modern function is the essential condition to realize the combination of characteristics of rural living environment. The new value derived "organic order repair,.2 organic renewal idea of modern functional implants, based on a machine to update the concept," Shaoshan Huarun Hope Town "project relying on the construction of rural human settlements and organic renewal of specific strategies, including the construction of two aspects, cooperation mechanism, and starting from the practice in detail. First, according to the problems of rural living environment degradation and modern organic order function lag, including the system of construction, the" low intervention "village domain integration, put forward the pattern of conservation, protection principles and measures of surface texture, modern embedded domain function; using the" local integration "approach to public buildings. Create a plan, put forward the unit shape, architectural form, modern public function and base village and surrounding villages, specific requirements and principles of Hunan regional integration; the "prototype + adjustment" of rural house renewal, put forward the courtyard building form, shape, function of living three and native, modern, rural housing prototype economy requirements of combining inductive methods, and on this basis, the status of rural house construction quality assessment of the rural housing prototype in the process of adaptation and classification method, the "safe" and "additive" farmhouse update principle, and many kind of modular menu selection prototype measures. Secondly, according to the base of the rural economy the plight of social reality, according to local construction, integration of modern construction two modes of cooperation advantages, put forward "the cooperation mechanism of rural renewal community", and from the angle of practice summary and elaboration of the community The basic structure and the internal relationship of integration, the main contents and methods, as well as in the community on the basis of the long-term operation base for promoting the sustainable development of economy and society and the revival of the "spillover effect". This research not only in the aspect of method established the idea and strategy of rural living environment and organic renewal, and in practice, through "the child is father of the man" the way for the current problem is urgent and the country (especially the primary agricultural villages) human settlements construction, provides a more detailed empirical research samples. The theories related to enrich the "rural architecture", improve rural living environment and economic and social comprehensive, healthy and long-term development, may has a certain significance.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU982.29

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