基于GIS和景观格局的西安城市公园布局优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 12:02

本文关键词：基于GIS和景观格局的西安城市公园布局优化研究　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市公园作为城市绿地系统中的重要组成部分,在改善人居和城市环境方面充当着重要的角色。随着城市的发展和人民生活水平的提高,越来越受到市民的重视。城市公园布局的优劣直接影响公园的可达性和景观连通性,从而影响公园对城市居民的服务的公平性。城市公园是城市居民接触自然的重要途径,但以往的城市公园主要是按照服务半径来规划布局的,没有考虑道路、花费的时间等实际情况,虽然基于GIS的城市公园的可达性研究为公园的布局优化提供了新的科学依据,考虑到了实际中阻力问题,但却忽略了城市公园的生态联系和作用。因而城市公园的布局仍存在一些不足和问题。本研究试图结合城市公园可达性的研究,融入景观生态学中的“斑-廊-基”等理论,建立两种简单的模型,通过GIS功能分析,对城市公园的布局的优化提供更好的依据和建议。本研究通过对国内外关于公园的布局、可达性以及景观格局研究的文献的分析,阐述了相关的理论知识,如城市公园的概念、发展以及分类;GIS技术以及GIS的缓冲分析、叠加分析以及网络分析功能;景观和景观生态学的概念以及“斑-廊-基”景观要素理论;城市规划理论以及可持续发展理论等。据此提出本文的研究角度,即将城市公园可达性与景观格局中若干景观指数相结合来分析城市公园的布局。从而奠定了本研究的理论基础和技术方法。本研究确定西安中心城区为研究范围,根据收集的西安城市公园分布、居住用地分布以及公交路网分布等相关数据进行整理,通过GIS的Catalog建立相应的数据库,然后运用GIS平台的ArcMap中网络分析功能对西安城市公园的布局进行可达性和景观格局分析研究,得出城市公园的可达性范围图和西安城市模拟绿地斑块及绿道的分布图,再对结果图进行分析并发现存在的问题,对西安公园欠缺的区域模拟增加公园绿地斑块,在公园绿地节点之间根据实际状况合理布设绿色廊道,逐渐形成城市公园绿地网络体系,从而得出相对优化的公园布局,依此提出西安市城市公园布局的优化建议,也可作为西安城市公园绿地的建设与改造以及西安市的城市规划提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:As an important part of urban green space system, urban parks play an important role in improving human settlements and urban environment. With the development of cities and the improvement of people's living standards. More and more attention has been paid by citizens. The layout of urban parks has a direct impact on the accessibility and landscape connectivity of parks. Urban park is an important way for urban residents to contact with nature, but in the past, urban parks were mainly planned according to the radius of service, without considering the road. The time spent on the actual situation, although the accessibility of urban parks based on GIS provides a new scientific basis for park layout optimization, taking into account the actual resistance problem. However, the ecological connection and function of urban parks are neglected. Therefore, there are still some deficiencies and problems in the layout of urban parks. This study attempts to combine the study of accessibility of urban parks. Based on the theory of "spot-corridor-base" in landscape ecology, two simple models were established and analyzed by GIS function. Through the analysis of the domestic and foreign literature on park layout, accessibility and landscape pattern research, the relevant theoretical knowledge is expounded. Such as the concept, development and classification of urban parks; GIS technology and GIS buffer analysis, superposition analysis and network analysis function; The concept of landscape and landscape ecology and the theory of landscape elements; Based on the theory of urban planning and sustainable development, the research angle of this paper is put forward. This paper combines the accessibility of urban parks with some landscape indices in landscape pattern to analyze the layout of urban parks, thus laying the theoretical foundation and technical methods of this study. This study determines the central urban area of Xi'an as the scope of the study. . According to the collection of Xi'an urban park distribution, residential land distribution and public transport network distribution and other related data collate, through the Catalog of GIS to establish the corresponding database. Then the network analysis function of ArcMap of GIS platform is used to analyze the accessibility and landscape pattern of Xi'an urban park layout. Get the reach of the urban park map and Xi'an urban simulation green patches and green road distribution map, and then analysis the results of the map and find the existing problems. The lack of regional simulation of Xi'an Park to increase the park green patches in the park between the green node reasonable layout of green corridors according to the actual situation gradually formed the urban park green space network system. Thus the relative optimization of the park layout is obtained, according to which the optimization suggestions of Xi'an urban park layout can also be used as a reference for the construction and transformation of Xi'an urban park green space and the urban planning of Xi'an city.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986

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