基于工程量清单计价的招投标风险管理理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 06:28

本文关键词：基于工程量清单计价的招投标风险管理理论与方法研究　出处：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会生产力的进步,市场竞争变得越来越激烈,加入WTO所带来的市场割据和竞争日趋国际化。为了融入国际市场,我国引入FIDIC条款,并决定在招投标过程中执行工程量清单计价的方式,这一行为给建筑企业的招投标过程带来了大量的风险,对于该如何减少风险带来的损失,建筑企业需要认真的研究,尤其是招投标活动中报价的风险管理研究,更是格外的重要。首先,论文针对招投标的风险管理,阐述了项目风险、工程量清单计价模式下的招投标及工程项目风险管理的理论知识,并通过对国内外研究资料的收集,总结了招投标风险管理的研究办法,并通过总结发现招投标活动中投标报价的风险尤为严重。其次,为了接轨国际,我国在招投标活动中引入了工程量清单计价的模式。本文将招投标过程分为招投标准备阶段、招标实施阶段以及决标成交阶段,并从三个阶段分别对技术标和商务标中的风险进行识别,并有针对性的对招投标过程中存在的风险逐个提出解决的办法,为招标人提供了有效可行的控制办法,降低了招投标过程中的损失。第三,在建筑工程施工招投标活动的众多风险中,投标报价的风险影响较大。而投标报价的风险又包括串标的风险和不平衡报价的风险。针对招投标中串标风险问题,本文建立了博弈矩阵,就投标人是否参与陪标和招标人是否进行检查进行了探讨,该模型有效的解决了招投标过程中串标等不法行为的问题。同时针对当前清单计价模式下招投标活动中不平衡报价的风险问题,本文建立了不平衡报价识别体系。1)本文将层次分析法和模糊综合评价法相结合,对类似工程与投标工程的的相关性进行了分析,获得了类似工程的贴近度数据；2)在对相关性指标进行分析的过程中,考虑了专家的能力、经验的局限性,运用集值统计的方法对专家评价集进行了区间估计最终得到估计值,使专家的评价集更加客观；3)通过建立评标指导价,有效地排除了投标人高于指导价的不合理报价,同时建立了分项工程的综合单价基准价,为商务标的评比提供了依据；4)对于如何识别不平衡报价,本文采用数学期望和标准差的原理,对报价的离散程度进行分析,并进行不平衡度排序,为招标人在评标中分析不平衡报价提供新方法。
[Abstract]:With the progress of social productivity, the market competition becomes more and more fierce, and the market separation and competition brought about by China's entry into WTO are becoming more and more international. In order to integrate into the international market, China introduces the FIDIC clause. And decided in the bidding process to carry out the bill of quantities valuation, this behavior to the bidding process of construction enterprises brought a large number of risks, how to reduce the risk of loss. Construction enterprises need to seriously study, especially in the bidding activities of the risk management research, is particularly important. First, the paper for bidding risk management, elaborated the project risk. The theoretical knowledge of bidding and risk management of engineering projects under the mode of bill of quantities valuation, and through the collection of domestic and foreign research materials, the research methods of risk management of bidding and bidding are summarized. And through the summary found that bidding activities in the bidding risk is particularly serious. Secondly, in order to connect with the international. This paper divides the bidding process into the preparation stage, the implementation stage and the closing stage. And from the three stages to identify the risks in the technical bid and the commercial bid, and targeted to the process of bidding risk one by one to solve the method, for the tenderer to provide an effective and feasible control method. Reduce the losses in the bidding process. Third, in the construction of construction bidding activities of the numerous risks. The risk of bidding price is very important, and the risk of bidding price includes the risk of string bidding and the risk of unbalanced quotation. In view of the risk of string bidding in bidding, the game matrix is established in this paper. This paper discusses whether the bidder is involved in the bidding and whether the tenderee has carried out the inspection. This model effectively solves the problem of illegal behaviors such as string bidding in the bidding process, and at the same time, it aims at the risk of unbalanced quotation in bidding activities under the current list pricing mode. This paper establishes an unbalanced quotation identification system. 1) this paper combines AHP with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to analyze the correlation between similar projects and bidding projects. The closeness data of similar projects are obtained. 2) in the process of analyzing the correlation index, considering the ability of the expert and the limitation of the experience, the interval estimation of the expert evaluation set is carried out by using the method of set-valued statistics. Making the evaluation set of experts more objective; 3) by establishing the bid evaluation guidance price, the unreasonable quotation of the bidder higher than the guiding price is effectively eliminated, and the comprehensive unit price base price of the item project is established, which provides the basis for the commercial bid evaluation. 4) for how to identify the unbalanced quotation, this paper adopts the principle of mathematical expectation and standard deviation to analyze the discrete degree of the quotation, and to sort the imbalance degree. To provide a new method for the tenderer to analyze the unbalanced quotation in the bid evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU723

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