晋商传统民居建筑保护性设计研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 20:04

本文关键词：晋商传统民居建筑保护性设计研究　出处：《沈阳建筑大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：山西晋商传统民居是我国民居保存最完整的地区,建筑独具代表性,建筑形式多为四合院,整体建筑具有很高的研究价值。建筑修建时,结合当时当地的气候状况、地理环境及其风俗习惯和风水特点,因地制宜,建造出一座座风格独特的民居建筑。晋商传统民居多为抬梁式建筑形式,狭长的窄院成为了山西民居最独特的建筑特点,单坡式的屋顶寓意着肥水不流外人田,高高的围墙则表现出一种防御心理同时也具有防风防火的功能,体现出当时森严的封建等级制度。不同朝向不同建筑规模和建筑面积也具有不同的使用功能。这些院落从外面看上去青砖灰瓦、高大朴实,而内部装饰却极其精致豪华,建筑所采用的材料大多为砖、土、沙石和木质,装饰为精美的三雕艺术,不仅反映了当时晋商经济实力的熊厚,同时也反映了当时建筑装饰艺术的精湛水平。然而,这些优美的建筑却因为年久失修而变得沧桑,主建筑周边商铺形成的街景由于不合理规划而变的凌乱不堪,失去了当时特色。好的建筑是需要我们保护并将其传承下去的,然而如何保护,如何开发并将其可持续发展下去,之间存在的矛盾是本文研究的重点。希望通过本文的保护性设计研究,将这一矛盾在晋商传统民居的建筑保护和可持续发展之间得到解决。“保护性”不仅是只保护原有的建筑不变,更多的是对历史建筑的一种延续,人居环境、物质文化与非物质文化的一种传承。既要懂得如何保护,又要更好的利用原有建筑的特点,对现有建筑进行更好的设计,打造一个真正的历史文化名城,而非简单的形式上的一种口头语。因此,保护性设计的研究成为我们对传统民居建筑保护的最佳途径,即在不破坏原有建筑的基础上,让它焕发出昔日的光彩,让晋商传统民居建筑得到可持续的发展。保护的目的并非一味的仿古,而是要加入现代设计理念保护晋商传统民居所携带的所有价值,并将周边建筑与原有建筑出现的不协调通过保护性设计将其连接起来,保持整体风格的一致。本文的研究首先从相关课题理论方面入手,对晋商传统民居建筑保护性设计相关概念及其国内外发展现状进行了分析,并对相关晋商传统民居建筑进行了详细调研；其次对山西晋商传统民居建筑风格与特征做了一个整体介绍,说明山西晋商传统民居建筑不仅数量庞大,也是我国保存最完整的地区之一,具有很高的研究价值,需要对晋商传统民居的可持续发展和保护性设计进行详细的研究；并通过对晋商传统民居保护性设计相关案例进行分析、总结,取其精华去其糟粕,最后以渠家大院及其周边环境的保护性设计实践为例,对祁县还未完全进行保护的渠家大院及其周边商业街进行合理规划设计,利用保护性设计的方法将晋商传统民居建筑传承下去,实现真正的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Shanxi Shanxi traditional residence is the most complete residence preservation area, the architecture is representative, the architectural form is mostly quadrangles, the overall architecture has a high research value. When the building is built. Combined with the local climate, geographical environment, customs and customs and geomantic characteristics, according to local conditions, built a unique style of residential buildings. Narrow narrow courtyard has become the most unique architectural characteristics of Shanxi residential houses, the single-slope roof means that water does not flow outside the field, the high wall shows a kind of defense psychology, but also has the function of preventing wind and fire. It reflects the feudal hierarchy of the time. Different building size and building area have different use functions. These yards from the outside look green brick gray tile, tall and simple. But the interior decoration is extremely exquisite luxurious, the building uses the material mostly for the brick, the soil, the sand and the wood, the decoration is the exquisite three carvings art, not only reflected the Jin merchants economic strength Xiong thick. At the same time, it also reflects the consummate level of architectural decoration art. However, these beautiful buildings have become vicissitudes of life because of their disrepair, and the street scenery formed by the shops around the main building has become messy because of unreasonable planning. Good architecture needs to be preserved and passed on, but how to protect, how to develop it and how to keep it sustainable. The contradiction between the two is the focus of this paper. I hope that through the study of protective design in this paper. This contradiction is solved between the building protection and sustainable development of Shanxi merchants' traditional residential buildings. "Protective" is not only to protect the original building unchanged, more is a continuation of the historical building, the human environment. Material culture and immaterial culture of a heritage. Not only know how to protect, but also better use of the characteristics of the original building to better design the existing buildings, to create a real historical and cultural city. Therefore, the study of protective design has become the best way to protect the traditional residential buildings, that is, on the basis of not destroying the original buildings, let it radiate the glory of the past. The purpose of protection is not to blindly imitate the ancient times, but to join the modern design concept to protect all the values carried by the traditional houses of Shanxi merchants. And the surrounding buildings and the original buildings appear out of harmony through the protective design will be connected together to maintain the overall style of consistency. First of all, the research of this paper starts with the theory of related topics. This paper analyzes the related concepts of protective design of Shanxi traditional residential buildings and the present situation of development at home and abroad, and makes a detailed investigation and research on the related traditional residential buildings of Shanxi merchants. Secondly, it introduces the architectural style and characteristics of Shanxi Shanxi traditional residence, which shows that Shanxi Shanxi traditional residence is not only a large number of buildings, but also one of the most complete preserved areas in China. It has high research value and needs to study the sustainable development and protective design of Shanxi Merchants' traditional residence in detail. And through the Shanxi merchants traditional residential protective design related cases were analyzed, summed up, take its essence to remove its dross, and finally the canal yard and its surrounding environment of the protective design practice as an example. Reasonable planning and design of canal yard and its surrounding commercial street which have not been fully protected in Qi County are carried out. The traditional residential buildings of Shanxi merchants are passed down by the method of protective design to realize real sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU241.5

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