低碳建筑全生命周期的成本效益研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 14:17

本文关键词：低碳建筑全生命周期的成本效益研究　出处：《沈阳建筑大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在全球经济蓬勃发展的进程中,环境和资源问题日益严重,走可持续发展道路早已成为大势所趋。在我国,建筑业是国民经济发展的支柱产业,然而传统建筑所带来的能源消耗问题十分严峻,占据了社会能源消耗总量的很大比重。我国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要提出了加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的目标,建筑业的低碳发展显得尤为重要。低碳建筑作为新兴建筑产业,非常符合这一目标。然而,低碳建筑在我国起步较晚,加之前期投入相对传统建筑较高,因此在社会上对低碳建筑存在很多认识误区。本文针对此问题,从全寿命周期角度出发,对低碳建筑进行增量成本和增量效益分析,通过研究,构建低碳建筑全寿命周期增量成本和增量效益的评价模型,以期验证低碳建筑相对于传统建筑的优越性,为低碳建筑的推广提供有价值的参考。论文首先在查阅整理大量文献资料的基础上,对低碳建筑目前在国内外的研究现状和相关理论进行了归纳提炼,通过与绿色建筑、节能建筑等建筑形式的对比,突出低碳建筑的低碳性特点。之后介绍了低碳建筑成本效益分析的流程和方法以及全生命周期理论、外部性理论,为下面的低碳建筑成本效益分析提供了理论依据；接着阐述了低碳建筑成本效益分析的框架,指出低碳建筑成本效益分析的相关指标及参数,并根据具体情况给出了相应的取值范围,对低碳建筑全生命周期成本的构成及影响因素进行了分析,指出低碳建筑从规划设计、建造施工、运营使用到报废处置各阶段的成本具体构成及影响因素,并对低碳建筑全生命周期阶段所产生的效益进行了分析,将低碳建筑的效益分为显性效益和隐性效益两类,从而再细分为经济效益、环境效益、社会效益,对不同类别的效益进行了相关分析。对比传统建筑进而分析低碳建筑全寿命周期内增量成本与增量效益,指出增量成本与增量效益的具体内容以及相应的定量计算方法。在分析增量成本与增量效益的基础上,建立了低碳建筑全寿命周期增量成本与增量效益模型,详细介绍了模型各参数的含义和各指标的量化方法；在上面理论分析的基础上,选取了某低碳建筑工程案例,结合项目的地理位置以及所采用的低碳技术,对比传统建筑对其增量成本与增量效益各项指标进行全寿命周期分析,根据低碳建筑全寿命周期增量成本与增量效益模型的具体指标对低碳建筑所产生的增量成本及增量效益进行量化测算并转化成具体的货币值,采用经济净现值、敏感性分析、风险分析等方法对最终的成本与效益进行评价,在评价结果的基础上给出相应的政策建议；论文在进行成本效益分析和评价时,充分考虑到了低碳建筑的低碳性特点,无论是在定量化的分析和最后的案例分析中,都把碳排放量等因素考虑其中,这对我国建筑业的发展、构建低碳社会都有着较重要的理论意义和参考价值。
[Abstract]:In the global economic development in the process of environmental and resource problems have become increasingly serious, take the road of sustainable development has become represent the general trend. In our country, the construction industry is a pillar industry of national economic development, but brought traditional building energy consumption problem is very serious, accounting for a large proportion of the total social according to China's national energy consumption. The economic and social development and the outline of the twelfth five year plan proposed to accelerate the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly society, low-carbon development of the construction industry is very important. As a new low carbon building construction industry, is consistent with this goal. However, the low carbon building started late in China, and the initial investment relative to traditional the building is high, so there are a lot of misunderstanding of low carbon buildings in society. This paper, starting from the life cycle perspective, the increment of low carbon building The incremental cost and benefit analysis, through research, constructing the evaluation model of low carbon building life cycle of incremental costs and incremental benefits, in order to verify the low carbon building is superior to the traditional architecture, and provide valuable reference for the promotion of low-carbon buildings. The first collection based on many literatures, the low carbon building current research status at home and abroad and the related theories are summarized and refined, through green building, such building form, highlight the characteristics of low carbon low carbon building. After the introduction of the process and methods of analysis of low carbon construction cost and whole life cycle theory, externality theory, provide the theoretical basis for the low carbon building cost benefit analysis below; then elaborated the analysis framework of low carbon construction cost, pointed out the related indexes and parameters analysis of low carbon construction cost The number, and depending on the circumstances given the corresponding range, composition and influencing factors of low carbon building life cycle cost analysis, points out that low carbon buildings from planning and design, construction, operation and use to disposal cost factors specific structure and effect of each stage, and the low carbon building life cycle stage the benefits were analyzed, the low carbon building efficiency is divided into explicit and concealed benefits which is subdivided into two categories, economic benefits, environmental benefits, social benefits, the benefits of different categories are the correlation analysis. Compared with the traditional architecture and the life cycle analysis of low carbon buildings in incremental cost the incremental benefit, pointed out the specific content of calculating the incremental costs and benefits and the corresponding quantitative method. Based on the analysis of the incremental costs and benefits, establish the low carbon building life cycle Cost and benefit model of incremental incremental, introduces the quantitative method of model parameters and the meaning of each index; based on above theoretical analysis, choose a low carbon building project case, combined with the project location and the use of low carbon technology, compared with the traditional building of the whole life cycle of the incremental cost and benefit increment indicators to quantify the measurement according to the specific indicators of low carbon building life cycle incremental costs and benefits of the model of low carbon building incremental cost and incremental benefits and converted into specific goods value, using the economic net present value, sensitivity analysis, risk analysis method to evaluate the cost and benefit finally, on the basis of evaluation results, the corresponding policy recommendations; based on cost-benefit analysis and evaluation, give full consideration to the low carbon low carbon building In terms of quantitative analysis and final case analysis, carbon emissions and other factors are considered. This is of great theoretical significance and reference value to the development of China's construction industry and the construction of low-carbon society.

【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU201.5;F426.92

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