高层建筑火灾烟气蔓延规律的研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 18:32

本文关键词：高层建筑火灾烟气蔓延规律的研究　出处：《中北大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：火灾是最普遍、最经常地威胁社会发展和和公众安全的主要灾害之一。随着世界经济的快速发展以及城市人口的不断增加，高层建筑逐渐成为现代社会发展的一种必然趋势。由于高层建筑结构复杂、使用功能多样性等特点，导致一旦发生高层建筑火灾，造成的人员死亡人数、受伤人数以及直接经济损失是巨大的。因此，研究高层建筑火灾烟气的蔓延规律，是预防高层建筑火灾发生以及进行人员安全疏散的关键。火灾数值模拟研究是目前火灾科学研究的重要方法。本文分析了火灾场景设置的相关理论。以杭州某高层建筑为研究对象，设计了建筑火灾模拟所需的各种参数。借助和应用国内外高层建筑火灾的理论研究以及实验成果，使用美国国家标准以及其技术研究院NIST（National Institute of Standards and Technology）开发的用于火灾的模拟软件：PyroSim（Thunderhead Engineeering PyroSim）软件、火灾动态模拟仿真软件FDS（FireDynamics Simulator）以及可视化软件Smokeview进行高层建筑火灾烟气蔓延规律的研究。本文针对三种不同工况进行数值模拟，分别是全封闭房间火灾模拟、开启进风房间火灾模拟、开启进风房间火灾发生后，走廊、楼梯口的模拟分析。火灾模拟中主要考查五项：烟气的蔓延情况、热值变化情况、模拟区域CO的体积分数、模拟区域温度场的分布情况、模拟区域可见度的分析。根据不同工况模拟的结果，进行了模拟分析、数据统计和曲线拟合，得出了建筑火灾烟气蔓延规律。研究结果为高层建筑火灾烟气的有效控制、防排烟设计、火场人员安全疏散以及火灾扑救提供了一定的理论指导和技术支持。
[Abstract]:Fire is one of the most common and frequent disasters that threaten social development and public safety. With the rapid development of the world economy and the continuous increase of urban population. High-rise building has gradually become an inevitable trend in the development of modern society. Due to the complex structure of high-rise building, the use of diversity of functions, leading to the occurrence of high-rise building fire, resulting in the number of deaths. The number of injuries and the direct economic losses are huge. Therefore, the study of the spread of smoke in high-rise building fire is the key to prevent high-rise building fire and carry out safety evacuation. Numerical simulation of fire is an important method of fire science research at present. This paper analyzes the relevant theory of fire scene setting. A high-rise building in Hangzhou is taken as the research object. The parameters needed for building fire simulation are designed and applied to the theoretical research and experimental results of high-rise building fire at home and abroad. Using NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology. Developed for fire simulation software: PyroSimt Thunderhead Engineeering PyroSimsoftware. Fire dynamic simulation software FDS(FireDynamics Simulator. And the visualization software Smokeview is used to study the fire smoke spread law of high-rise building. In this paper, the numerical simulation of three different working conditions is carried out, namely, the fire simulation of the fully closed room, the fire simulation of the open air room, and the corridor after the fire of the air inlet room occurs. Simulation analysis of the staircase. The fire simulation mainly examined five items: smoke spread, the change of heat value, the volume fraction of CO in the simulated area, and the distribution of the temperature field in the simulated area. According to the simulation results of different working conditions, the simulation analysis, data statistics and curve fitting are carried out, and the smoke spread law of building fire is obtained. The results provide some theoretical guidance and technical support for the effective control of fire smoke, the design of smoke prevention and exhaust, the safe evacuation of fire personnel and the fire suppression.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU998.1

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