中国城市供水系统能耗研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 20:25

本文关键词：中国城市供水系统能耗研究　出处：《清华大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市供水系统需要消耗大量的能耗,研究供水全过程及其不同供水环节的能耗有助于建立减少能耗的策略。本论文的研究目标是量化分析我国不同城市供水全过程的能耗及其带来的温室气体排放量,并识别影响供水能耗的因素,从而探讨可开展的供水节能措施。研究发现,我国2011年每立方米和人均供水能耗分别是0.29 kWh/m3和33.2 kWh/cap·yr,城市供水的每立方米和人均的温室气体排放量分别为0.213kgCO2e/m3和24.5 kgCO2e/cap·yr公斤二氧化碳当量。城市供水用电所排放的温室气体占用电总排放量的百分比与供水管网的漏损率呈现出正相关关系。这一结果说明,减少漏失量有助于城市供水过程中的温室气体减排。研究发现,城市中的二次供水能耗较高,以20层楼建筑为例,从水源到水龙头的供水全流程中,建筑物内的二次供水能耗约占总能耗的80%,这一发现揭示了供水“最后50米”的高能耗问题。论文同时研究了传统水箱加变频的供水模式与无负压供水模式在二次供水能耗方面的差异。研究发现,与安装变频系统的楼房相比,安装无负压系统可以减少耗电量高达百分之五十,主要原因是无负压系统能够有效利用了市政管网中的余压。无负压和变频系统每米每立方米的耗电量分别为0.010 kWh/m3·m和0.019 kWh/m3·m。以我国某大城市的实际楼房高度和人口数据为例,发现在该城市四分之一的楼房用无负压系统来替代变频系统的情况下,每天能节省33000 kWh的用电量。本研究结果对中国节能减排意义重大。我国正处在快速的城镇化过程中,这将导致高层建筑居住人口和二次供水耗电量两方面的增加。同时,我国已制定了降低温室气体排放量和耗电量的目标。为了同时达到这两个目标,城市规划和水资源政策须致力减少城市供水过程中“最后50米”的能耗。该研究为实现这一目标提供了一个实用有效的方法。
[Abstract]:City water supply system needs to consume a large amount of energy consumption, energy consumption of water supply process and different water supply links can help establish the strategy of reducing energy consumption. The aim of this paper is quantitative analysis of the energy consumption of different city of China water supply process and greenhouse gas emissions caused by factors, and to identify the impact of water consumption, so as to explore the water supply such measures can be carried out. The study found that China's 2011 per cubic meter and per capita water consumption were 0.29 kWh/m3 and 33.2 kWh/cap yr, the city water supply per cubic meter and per capita greenhouse gas emissions are 0.213kgCO2e/m3 and 24.5 kgCO2e/cap yr kg - co2eq. The percentage of greenhouse gas supply network of city water supply electricity the electric discharge occupy the total emissions of leakage rate showed a positive correlation. This result shows that the reduction of leakage is helpful to the city water supply. In the process of greenhouse gas emissions. The study found that two water supply of high energy consumption in the city, with 20 storey building as an example, from the source to the whole process of tap water supply, two water supply energy consumption in buildings accounts for about 80% of the total energy consumption, which implies that the water supply in the last 50 meters high the consumption problem. This paper also studies the differences between the traditional water tank and frequency conversion water supply mode and non negative pressure water supply mode in two water supply energy consumption. The study found that, compared with the installation of frequency conversion system of the building, installation of non negative pressure system can reduce the consumption of up to fifty percent, the main reason is the non negative pressure system can effectively make use of the municipal pipe network the residual pressure. No negative pressure and frequency conversion system per meter per cubic meter of power consumption was 0.010 kWh/m3 m and 0.019 kWh/m3 M. in China, a major city in the actual building height and population data were found in the city 1/4 buildings with no negative pressure system to replace the frequency conversion system, can save 33000 kWh daily consumption. The results of the Chinese energy saving is significant. China is in the process of rapid urbanization, which will lead to an increase in population and the two high-rise building two water consumption. At the same time, China has developed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and power consumption targets. At the same time in order to achieve these two objectives, city planning and water resources policy to reduce water supply in the city during the last 50 meters of the energy consumption. The research provides a practical and effective method to achieve this goal.

【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU991.3

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