门座式起重机驾驶室振动舒适度研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 00:28

本文关键词： 门座式起重机 1/3倍频程悬架座椅减振特性　出处：《武汉理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：门座式起重机广泛地应用于各大港口,其工作舒适性越来越引起人们的关注。鉴于该机器本身的特点—高重心、大功率及频繁的启制动冲击,加上恶劣的工作环境,导致电动机的自振、吊重的动态载荷、工作机构运行速度的变化及其他各种随机因素等引起的高强度振动,从振动源通过结构体系向驾驶室地板和座椅传递的过程中交互影响,最终形成一种复杂的振动传递给驾驶员。而驾驶员人体自身也是一个复杂的弹性系统,各部分器官有其固有频率。当机器产生的振动频率与驾驶人员自身固有频率相同时,就会引起人体产生共振效应,使人体感受到不舒适,甚至危害到驾驶人员的身体健康。因此,开展对门座式起重机驾驶室振动舒适性评价研究,提出限制和改善机械设备的振动对人体影响的方法,对保护人体健康、在人机之间合理地分配功能、充分发挥人的作用和起重机的功能,对提高我国工程机械领域的国际竞争力,都有着极其重要的现实意义。本文以港口最常见的两种结构形式的门座式起重机—转柱式门座起重机和大轴承式门座起重机为研究对象,借助武汉港口机械质量监督检验测试中心的检测手段,通过深入现场,实测了正常工作状态下两类门座式起重机在四种典型工况下,其驾驶室在数个测点处的振动加速度数据,然后根据MATLAB数据处理软件对原始信号进行预处理,进而运用ISO2361-1:AMD 1-2010人体振动舒适性评价标准对两类门座式起重机驾驶员在各种工况下的振动舒适度进行对比评价。在此基础上,进一步运用1/3倍频程分析原理对两类门座式起重机进行疲劳-工效分析,得出两类门机振动环境下驾驶员保证不疲劳驾驶的最长工作时间阈值,为港口经营管理者对驾驶员的工作时限安排提供依据。最后,并对两类门座式起重机剪式悬架座椅的隔振率以及减振特性进行对比分析,找出广泛应用于港口起重设备领域的剪式悬架座椅减振上的不足之处,为设计人员如何通过合理的设计提高门座式起重机的振动舒适度提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:Gantry cranes are widely used in various ports, and their working comfort has attracted more and more attention. In view of the characteristics of the machine itself, such as high center of gravity, high power and frequent starting and braking impact, coupled with the harsh working environment, The high intensity vibration caused by the self-vibration of motor, the dynamic load of lifting load, the change of operating speed of working mechanism and various other random factors interact with each other from the vibration source passing through the structural system to the cab floor and seat. Finally, a kind of complex vibration is transmitted to the driver. The driver's human body is also a complicated elastic system, and each part of the organ has its own natural frequency. When the machine produces the same vibration frequency as the driver's own natural frequency, It will cause resonance effect of human body, make human body feel uncomfortable, and even endanger the health of driver. Therefore, the evaluation research on vibration comfort of cab of gantry crane is carried out. The methods of limiting and improving the vibration of mechanical equipment on human body are put forward, which can protect human health, distribute functions reasonably between human and machine, and give full play to the functions of human beings and cranes. To improve the international competitiveness in the field of construction machinery in China, Both of them are of great practical significance. In this paper, the most common gantry cranes with two types of structure, the swivel gantry cranes and the large bearing gantry cranes, are taken as the research objects. By means of the inspection and testing center of Wuhan Port Machinery quality Supervision and testing Center, the vibration acceleration data of two kinds of gantry cranes in four typical working conditions under normal working conditions are measured by going deep into the site. Then preprocess the original signal according to MATLAB data processing software, and then use ISO2361-1:AMD 1-2010 human vibration comfort evaluation standard to compare the vibration comfort of two kinds of gantry crane drivers under various working conditions. Further using the principle of 1/3 times frequency range analysis, two kinds of gantry cranes are analyzed with fatigue and ergonomics, and the maximum working time threshold for drivers to ensure non-fatigue driving under the vibration environment of two kinds of gantry cranes is obtained. Finally, the vibration isolation rate and vibration absorption characteristics of the two kinds of gantry crane shear suspension seats are compared and analyzed. This paper finds out the deficiency of the shear suspension seat which is widely used in the field of port crane, and provides a reference for designers how to improve the vibration comfort of gantry crane through reasonable design.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH213.4

【参考文献】