苏州乡村景观格局演变与发展模式研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 16:26

本文关键词： 乡村景观格局演变遥感分析发展模式苏州市　出处：《中国矿业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着中国城市化扩张的加剧,乡村景观发生了巨大变化,其景观格局演变及发展模式的研究近年来逐渐成为热点。苏州市乡村城镇化发展较好,但在经济发展过程中出现了生态环境失衡、乡村风貌消失等问题,协调乡村景观保护与经济发展之间的矛盾成为亟待解决的问题。本文以苏州市吴中区为研究单元,基于1990-2014年三期遥感影像,采用土地利用动态度和景观格局指数方法,分析土地利用结构和景观格局变化,揭示乡村景观现状特征;依据产业基础划分乡村类型,建立乡村性评价指标体系对吴中区7个乡镇进行乡村性评价,提出适宜的乡村发展模式。主要研究成果如下:(1)乡村景观格局演变1990-2014年吴中区土地利用结构发生了明显变化,耕地和水域面积占比先升后降,林地面积占比先降后升,建设用地持续扩张。1990-2014年吴中区综合土地利用动态度为0.8%。建设用地的单一土地利用动态度为4.99%,扩张速度较快,耕地、林地和水域的单一土地利用动态度为-0.87%、-1.3%和-0.55%。斑块类型水平上,耕地受到侵扰切割,小规模斑块增多,破碎化程度升高;林地经历了由集中布局转向分散分布的变化趋势;水域受到建设用地扩张影响,小斑块不断增多,趋向离散分布。建设用地斑块倾向聚集分布,优势度上升。(2)乡村类型划分和乡村性评价从产业主导的角度,确定乡村类型划分标准,将吴中区7个乡镇的乡村类型划分为农业主导型、工业主导型、商旅服务型和均衡发展型;构建乡村性评价指标体系进行乡村性评价,得出胥口、木渎、u*直、东山、临湖、光福和金庭镇的乡村性指数分别为0.257、0.499、0.522、0.587、0.648、0.737、0.785,将其分为5级:弱、较弱、中等、较强和强。乡村类型划分和乡村性评价结果相结合能够有针对性的构建适应当前发展类型和发展阶段的乡村发展模式。(3)乡村发展模式研究水网为主的自然景观、传统小农与现代农业共存的生产景观、传统水乡与现代建筑融为一体的聚落景观,构成吴中水乡景观体系。在人类活动影响作用下,水乡景观特色和韵味面临衰减危机。根据乡村发展实际,构建四种乡村发展模式:水乡旅游模式、乡镇企业带动模式、农业产业园模式和古建筑村落保护模式。结合研究范例阐述发展模式的内涵、特征,提出合理的发展建议。
[Abstract]:With the aggravation of urbanization in China, great changes have taken place in the rural landscape, and the research on the landscape pattern evolution and development model has gradually become a hot spot in recent years. However, in the process of economic development, there appear some problems, such as the imbalance of ecological environment and the disappearance of rural style and features. It is an urgent problem to coordinate the contradiction between rural landscape protection and economic development. In this paper, Wuzhong District of Suzhou City is taken as the research unit. Based on the three periods of remote sensing images from 1990 to 2014, using the method of land use dynamic attitude and landscape pattern index, the changes of land use structure and landscape pattern were analyzed to reveal the current characteristics of rural landscape, and the rural types were classified according to the industrial basis. The rural evaluation index system was established to evaluate the rural nature of 7 villages and towns in Wuzhong District, and the suitable rural development model was put forward. The main research results are as follows: 1) the rural landscape pattern evolves from 1990 to 2014, and the land use structure of Wuzhong district has changed obviously from 1990 to 2014. The proportion of cultivated land and water area increased first and then decreased, and the proportion of forest land decreased first and then increased. The comprehensive land use dynamic degree of Wuzhong district from 1990 to 2014 was 0.8. The single land use dynamic degree of construction land was 4.99. The single land use dynamic degree of forest land and water area was -0.87% -1.3% and -0.55%. On the level of patch type, the cultivated land was invaded and cut, the small patch increased and the degree of fragmentation increased, and the forest land experienced a trend of changing from centralized distribution to decentralized distribution. The water area was affected by the construction land expansion, and the small patches increased and tended to disperse. The patches tended to gather, and the dominance increased. 2) the classification of rural types and the evaluation of rural nature from the perspective of industrial dominance. The rural type of Wuzhong District is divided into agricultural type, industrial type, business tourism service type and balanced development type, and the rural evaluation index system is constructed for rural evaluation, and the Xu Kou is obtained, and the rural type of Wuzhong district is divided into three categories: agriculture type, industry type, business travel service type and balanced development type. The rural indexes of Mudu * Zhi, Dongshan, Lianhu, Guangfu and Jinting are 0.257U 0.499U 0.522U 0.587N 0.648N 0.737N 0.785. they are divided into five grades: weak, weak, medium, The combination of the classification of rural types and the results of rural evaluation can build the rural development model which adapts to the current development type and the development stage. The production landscape of the coexistence of traditional small-scale farmers and modern agriculture, and the settlement landscape of traditional water villages and modern buildings, constitute the landscape system of water villages in Wuzhong. Under the influence of human activities, According to the reality of rural development, four kinds of rural development models are constructed: waterside tourism mode, township enterprise driving mode, and so on. Based on the research examples, the connotation and characteristics of the development model are expounded, and reasonable development suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU982.29

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