吐鲁番地区生土民居的气候适宜性与更新研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 14:41

本文选题：生土民居　切入点：气候适宜性　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：吐鲁番是古丝绸之路上的重镇,历史悠久,文化积淀深厚,曾经是西域政治、经济、文化的中心之一。随着国家西部大开发战略以及新农村建设的不断深化发展,当地人们的生活水平、居住条件等方面都发生了显著的变化。但是由于建设发展迅速,造成当地盲目学习城市建筑,摒弃传统建造手法,不仅失去了当地特色,而且对当地生态建设带来了新的挑战。因此,有必要给予当地人正确的观念引导,树立生态可持续发展观,利用当地自然、气候、人文等条件因素,创造出与当地相适应的民居建筑,缓解当地生态恶化的趋势,这是值得我们研究探讨的问题。本文首先从当地气候环境分析入手,分析了当地太阳辐射、空气温度、空气湿度、风、降水五个方面,利用建筑气候设计分析方法得出当地适宜被动式设计策略,并依据当地气候简述分析当地建筑气候适宜性特点。其次,从当地传统民居以及已建成的新建民居的现状调研着手,分析了传统民居如何体现适宜当地气候的特点,分别从村落规划、院落空间、建筑单体、建筑细部构造四个方面进行阐述,重点阐述了室内热环境与其四个方面的关系,同时发现传统民居中在室内通风、室内采光方面需要改进的地方;而已建成的新建民居,虽然空间布局、室内通风、室内采光优于传统民居,但也存在不足之处,表现在五个方面:社区活力缺乏;当地人生活习惯考虑不足;建造不经济;浪费土地资源;夏季室内环境过热。再次,从春季的传统民居与新建民居室内热环境的现场测试出发,分别从室内空气温度、空气湿度、平均辐射温度、墙体壁面温度等方面来定量对比分析,发现以土坯墙为围护结构主体的传统民居相比新建的砖混民居,在蓄热性以及调湿性能均优于后者;同时,根据现有的室内热环境测试的传统新建民居,建立与此相似的模型,模拟其典型季节的室内热环境情况,从而进一步发现传统新建民居中在室内热环境方面具有的特点。最后,总结当地生土民居气候适宜性特点,并将其结论应用到实际的更新民居的设计中,分别从村落规划、院落空间、建筑单体以及细部构造四个方面提出了气候适宜性的设计原则,在保留当地民居特色的基础上,依据设计原则设计出不同的更新方案,以实现建筑室内环境的改善,以便在适应当地农村生活的发展趋势的同时,也充分体现低碳节能的新农村建设理念,实现经济效益、社会效益、环境效益的综合目标。
[Abstract]:Turpan is an important town on the ancient Silk Road, with a long history and profound cultural accumulation. It was once one of the political, economic and cultural centers of the Western region. The living standards and living conditions of the local people have all undergone remarkable changes. However, due to the rapid development of construction, the local people have blindly studied urban buildings and abandoned the traditional construction techniques, thus not only losing their local characteristics, Therefore, it is necessary to give the local people correct concept of guidance, establish the concept of ecological sustainable development, make use of local natural, climate, humanities and other conditions, It is worth studying and discussing the problem that we should study and discuss. Firstly, this paper starts with the analysis of local climate and environment, and analyzes the local solar radiation, air temperature, air humidity, the local solar radiation, the air temperature, the air humidity, the local solar radiation, the air temperature, the air humidity, the local solar radiation, the air temperature and the air humidity. In five aspects of wind and precipitation, the local suitable passive design strategy is obtained by using the method of architectural climate design analysis, and the suitability characteristics of local building climate are analyzed according to the local climate brief description. Secondly, Based on the investigation and investigation of the present situation of the local traditional houses and the newly built houses, this paper analyzes how the traditional houses embody the characteristics suitable for the local climate, respectively, from the village planning, the courtyard space, the building monomer, The relationship between indoor thermal environment and its four aspects is emphasized. At the same time, it is found that the traditional residential buildings need to be improved in indoor ventilation and indoor lighting. Although the space layout, indoor ventilation and indoor lighting are superior to the traditional houses, there are still some shortcomings, such as lack of community vitality, inadequate consideration of local living habits, uneconomical construction, waste of land resources, and so on. The indoor environment is overheated in summer. Thirdly, starting from the field tests of the traditional residential buildings in spring and the thermal environment in the newly built houses, the indoor air temperature, air humidity, average radiation temperature, wall wall surface temperature, etc., are respectively quantitatively compared and analyzed from the aspects of indoor air temperature, air humidity, wall wall surface temperature, etc. It is found that the traditional houses with adobe wall as the main body of the enclosing structure are superior to the new brick houses in heat storage and moisture regulation performance, at the same time, according to the existing indoor thermal environment test of the traditional newly built houses, a similar model is established. The indoor thermal environment of typical seasons is simulated, and the characteristics of indoor thermal environment in traditional newly built houses are further found. Finally, the climate suitability characteristics of local native dwellings are summarized. The conclusion is applied to the actual design of renewal houses, and the design principles of climate suitability are put forward from four aspects of village planning, courtyard space, building monomer and detail construction, respectively, on the basis of retaining the characteristics of local houses. According to the design principles, different renewal schemes are designed in order to improve the indoor environment of buildings, so as to adapt to the development trend of local rural life, and at the same time fully reflect the new rural construction concept of low carbon energy saving and realize economic benefits. The comprehensive goal of social benefit and environmental benefit.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU241.5

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