既有钢结构和围护结构安全和使用性检测与评估方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 05:14

本文选题：钢结构　切入点：围护结构　出处：《天津大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国建设的大批公共建筑往往采用了大跨度钢结构、玻璃、金属或石材幕墙围护结构、金属屋面结构、索膜结构等。其中很多建筑的寿命已达10到20年。由于当初建设中的质量缺陷变化、使用时环境的腐蚀、风荷载或设备震动等带来的影响、建筑物沉降引起的结构变化,都会引起结构的损坏。这些损坏如不能及时检查发现,并给予必要合理的修复,则会影响到建筑物的使用功能,甚至对建筑的安全性和使用性带来不利影响。而对于在役建筑(特别是钢结构建筑)进行安全性和使用性的检查评估方面还缺乏可提供指导的标准和规定。因此许多大型公共建筑的业主对于既有建筑没有检查评估或维修的主动意识,往往是发现哪里坏了修哪里,造成了一些原本可以花很小的代价就可以进行维修的损坏,由于没有及时发现而必须在损坏严重后花费大量经费来进行更换或维修,更严重的甚至发生安全事故。因此大型公共建筑在使用期间的检测评估还是非常必要的。本文通过参考建筑结构常规性评估标准、工程规范,结合某航站楼建筑实例的具体情况,对其主体结构变形测量、钢结构焊接和螺栓连接节点、钢结构表面防腐涂层、预应力钢拉索、玻璃幕墙的转接件和耐候密封胶、金属屋面板的连接固定和板材的防腐等内容的检测、试验、分析,并对该建筑主体和围护结构进行了安全性、使用性评估。本文以某航站楼建筑结构为研究对象,提出了其主体钢结构和围护结构(金属板屋面和玻璃幕墙)的安全性和使用性的检测项目及数量、检测方法、检测频率及评估判据,为管理单位以后对本建筑使用寿命内的例行检查、确定维修计划和维修方案提供科学的帮助,并可以用来指导类似建筑结构安全性和使用性的检测与评估。
[Abstract]:A large number of public buildings in our country often use large span steel structures, glass, metal or stone curtain wall enclosures, metal roof structures, Cable-membrane structures, etc. Many of them have a life of 10 to 20 years. Structural changes caused by building settlement due to changes in quality defects during construction, environmental corrosion during use, wind loads or vibration of equipment, etc. Will cause structural damage. If the damage is not detected in time and is properly repaired as necessary, it will affect the use of the building, There is even a negative impact on the safety and serviceability of buildings. There is a lack of standards and regulations to provide guidance for the inspection and evaluation of safety and serviceability of active buildings (especially steel structures)... Many owners of large public buildings do not have the initiative to inspect, evaluate or maintain existing buildings. Often, it is found where the damage has been repaired, resulting in some damage that could have been repaired at a very small cost. Because the damage was not detected in time, it had to be replaced or repaired with a large amount of money after the damage was serious. More serious and even safety accidents. So it is very necessary to check and evaluate the large public buildings during their use. In this paper, by referring to the building structure evaluation standard, engineering code, According to the concrete situation of a building, the deformation measurement of the main structure, the joints of welding and bolting of steel structure, the anticorrosive coating on the surface of steel structure, the prestressed steel cable, the connecting parts of glass curtain wall and the weathering sealant, The inspection, test, analysis and evaluation of the safety and usability of the main body of the building and the structure of the enclosure are carried out in this paper, taking the building structure of a certain terminal building as the research object, and the inspection, test, analysis and so on of the connection fixation of the metal roof slab and the anticorrosion of the sheet metal roof are carried out. The test items and quantity of safety and serviceability of the main steel structure and the enclosure (metal sheet roof and glass curtain wall), the detection method, the detection frequency and the evaluation criteria are put forward. It can provide scientific help for the management unit to check the service life of the building, determine the maintenance plan and maintenance plan, and can be used to guide the inspection and evaluation of the safety and usability of similar building structures.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU391;TU746

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