从民“居”到“民”居—满族传统居住文化与现代居住方式的“反悟”与“继承”

发布时间：2018-03-13 10:22

本文选题：满族传统文化　切入点：满族传统民居　出处：《鲁迅美术学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在中华民族五千年的历史长河中,我国各个地区文化不断的融合与演变,使我国成为五十六个民族文明繁荣发展的中华大家庭的同时产生了不同的民族特色以及独具一格的传统特色民居建筑。由此可见,传统民居建筑作为一个民族的文化标志起着十分重要的作用。古往今来,各民族人民依照本民族所处的地理环境、气候条件及特有的活动意识在区域内进行活动时,由于受到客观的自然条件影响,导致生产及生活方式不尽相同,由此便自主的建造了适应本民族得以安身的民族传统民居文化。因此,民居文化所体现的不仅仅是作为安身之所的使用功能,更加重要的是,它还承载着中华大家庭中五十六个民族间不同的行为活动所体现的民族文化及以人为本的精神追求。著名史学家斯宾格勒在他的史学著作《西方的没落》一书中这样写道“在种族的所有表现中,最纯粹的表现便是居所。从人们定居下来,不再满足于仅有藏身之处,而是要给自己建造一个住所的那一刻开始……居所的原始形式在各个地方都是情感和成长的产物,而绝不是知识的产物。”这不但说明民居文化的产生是人类发展过程中的自然产物,更加确切的表示了民居文化不同的居住形式是各民族文明及情感的深层体现。目前我国满族人民总数是第二大少数民族,仅次于壮族。满族先世在东北地区这独特的气候条件下经历了数千年的繁衍生息之后产生了独特的东北满族传统文化。而满族民居作为满族传统文化中一个不可或缺的文化产物,更是我们了解满族文化及满族人民民族情愫的重要途径之一。然而,当今社会经济飞速发展,民族传统建筑特色正面临遗失。现代的满族聚居地的满族人民生产生活方式逐渐取代了满族人原始纯真的顺应自然的生活方式,曾经反映在满族传统民居中的尊重自然、重视群体、长幼有序等极具价值的传统民居文化并没有得到很好的传承与延续。着眼当下,在快节奏的生活方式及更加注重精神追求的现代居住空间的基础上,如何与满族传统民居文化紧密相连,提炼满族传统文化中优秀的思想及传统民居文化,取其精华去其糟粕,使满族优秀的民族文化特质得以传承,并为现代生活提供更为优质地生活环境及居住方式便成为本文主要研究内容。
[Abstract]:In the long history of five thousand years of the Chinese nation, the cultures of various regions of our country have been continuously integrated and evolved. While making our country a prosperous and prosperous Chinese family of 56 nationalities, we can see that different national characteristics and unique traditional residential buildings have emerged at the same time. As a cultural symbol of a nation, traditional residential buildings play a very important role. Throughout the ages, when the people of all nationalities carry out activities in the region in accordance with the geographical environment, climatic conditions and special activity consciousness of their own ethnic groups, Due to the influence of objective natural conditions, the production and life style are different, and thus the traditional residential culture of the nation, which is suitable for the people, has been built on its own. What the folk residence culture embodies is not only its function as a safe place, but more importantly, It also carries the national culture and people-oriented spiritual pursuit embodied in the different behavior and activities of the 56 ethnic groups in the Chinese family. In his historical book the decline of the West, the famous historian OswaldSpengler. It reads, "in all manifestations of race, The purest manifestation is residence. From the time one settles down, one is no longer satisfied with having only a place to hide, but from the moment one builds one for oneself. The original form of dwelling is the product of emotion and growth in every place. It is not the product of knowledge. "this not only shows that the production of residential culture is the natural product of human development, More precisely, it shows that the different forms of residence culture are the deep embodiment of the civilization and emotion of all ethnic groups. At present, the total number of Manchu people in China is the second largest minority. Second only to Zhuang. Manchu had experienced thousands of years of reproduction under this unique climatic conditions in the northeast region, and produced a unique Manchu traditional culture. Manchu folk houses as a Manchu traditional culture can not be one of them. Lack of cultural products, It is also one of the important ways for us to understand Manchu culture and the ethnic feelings of the Manchu people. However, today's social and economic development is at a rapid pace. The traditional architectural characteristics of the nation are being lost. The modern production and life style of the Manchu people in the Manchu settlements has gradually replaced the primitive and pure Manchu way of life, which was once reflected in the respect for nature in the Manchu traditional houses. The traditional residential culture, which attaches great importance to groups, grows up and is orderly, has not been well inherited and continued. On the basis of the fast-paced way of life and the modern living space which pays more attention to the spiritual pursuit, How to closely link with Manchu traditional residence culture, refine the excellent thoughts and traditional residence culture of Manchu traditional culture, take its essence to remove its dross, so that the excellent national cultural characteristics of Manchu can be passed on. And for modern life to provide a better living environment and way of living will become the main research content of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：鲁迅美术学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU241

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