集成BIM与安全规则的不安全设计因素自动识别机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 20:07

本文选题：施工安全　切入点：不安全设计因素　出处：《清华大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：施工安全一直以来是影响建筑行业发展亟待解决的问题之一,随着建筑行业规模的不断扩大,当前的管理方法和技术手段已无法满足进一步降低事故发生率的要求,而加强对物的不安全状态的控制则是打破当前困境的一个思路。设计-安全理念从延展施工安全管理范围的角度出发,认为在设计阶段就开始对施工危险源进行识别和消除,也就是设计师和工程师在正式施工生产前识别物的不安全状态,可以有效地减少施工伤害事故数量。本文在设计-安全理念的基础上构建了安全规则,并结合BIM技术在施工安全领域的应用优势,设计了以BIM模型为对象的自动识别机制,并对该机制的应用进行了初步探索。本文分析了事前控制对于减少施工事故的必要性,进而阐述了当前主张在设计阶段进行施工安全管理的研究现状,概括了PTD(Prevention Through Design)、DFCS(Design for Construction Safety)的定义,并将之归纳为设计-安全理论。然后探讨了信息技术以及BIM技术在施工安全领域的应用情况,分析了设计方案的自动检查的研究情况,指出可视化、虚拟仿真等功能可以满足设计-安全理论工具的技术要求。本文通过分析施工事故类型及致因,探讨了设计方法解决以上事故的适用性,获得与设计相关的3类不安全因素,进而提出构建基于规范的安全规则,并设计了安全规则编码以及其构建方法。安全规则弥补了设计师在施工安全方面知识和技能的不足,不仅简化设计过程中设计师的识别程序,而且为相关方识别不安全因素提供了数据基础。为了使安全规则识别不安全设计因素更为快速,效率更高,本文基于BIM的应用特征分析,构建了集成BIM与安全规则的自动识别机制。然后以建筑信息模型、结构信息模型、临时设备信息模型等三类BIM模型和安全规则数据库为数据模块,构建BIM与安全规则的集成系统框架,从而使BIM模型在安全规则的运行下识别不安全因素。最后以某洞口不安全因素为例,初步探索此系统的应用实施效果。本文比较有创新性的提出了安全规则,从而为BIM在施工安全领域的应用提供了数据基础,并且将BIM与安全规则集成可以进一步实现设计-安全理念,从而加强设计师在施工安全方面的作用,该机制具有较大的应用价值和前景。
[Abstract]:Construction safety has always been one of the problems affecting the development of the construction industry. With the continuous expansion of the construction industry, the current management methods and technical means can no longer meet the need to further reduce the incidence of accidents. Strengthening the control of the unsafe state of objects is a way of thinking to break the current predicament. From the angle of extending the scope of construction safety management, the design-safety concept thinks that the construction hazard sources will be identified and eliminated in the design stage. That is, designers and engineers can effectively reduce the number of construction injury accidents by identifying the unsafe state of the objects before the formal construction production. This paper constructs the safety rules based on the design-safety concept. Combined with the application advantage of BIM technology in the field of construction safety, the automatic identification mechanism based on BIM model is designed, and the application of this mechanism is preliminarily explored. The necessity of prior control to reduce construction accidents is analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, the present research situation of construction safety management in the design phase is expounded, and the definition of PTD(Prevention Through Design for Construction Safety is summarized. Then it discusses the application of information technology and BIM technology in the field of construction safety, analyzes the research situation of automatic inspection of design scheme, and points out the visualization. Virtual simulation and other functions can meet the technical requirements of design-safety theory tools. By analyzing the types and causes of construction accidents, this paper discusses the applicability of design methods to solve the above accidents, and obtains three kinds of unsafe factors related to design. Furthermore, the paper puts forward the construction of safety rules based on specifications, designs the code of safety rules and their construction methods, which makes up for the lack of knowledge and skills of designers in construction safety. It not only simplifies the designer's identification procedure in the design process, but also provides the data basis for the related parties to identify the unsafe factors. In order to make the safety rules identify the unsafe design factors more quickly and efficiently, Based on the application feature analysis of BIM, this paper constructs an automatic recognition mechanism of integrating BIM and security rules, and then takes three kinds of BIM models, such as building information model, structure information model, temporary equipment information model, and security rule database as data modules. The integrated system framework of BIM and security rules is constructed, so that the BIM model can identify the unsafe factors under the operation of the security rules. Finally, taking the unsafe factors of a hole as an example, The application effect of this system is preliminarily explored. In this paper, the safety rules are put forward innovatively, which provides the data basis for the application of BIM in the field of construction safety. The integration of BIM and safety rules can further realize the idea of design-safety and strengthen the role of designers in construction safety. This mechanism has great application value and prospect.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU714;TU17

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