寒地文物建筑木构系统的冻害研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 08:43

本文选题：寒地　切入点：文物建筑　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国古代和近代时期,木材是主要的建筑材料。直至进入20世纪,由于新型材料的运用和新型建筑形式的产生,木材才逐步退出成为建筑的辅助材料。在我国第三次文物普查中,具有木构系统的文物建筑占据不可移动文物建筑总数量的较大比例。然而,随着时间的推移,大量的具有木构系统的文物建筑在自身特性、地域及气候环境等多种因素的影响下,其现存状况不容乐观。我国是一个季风气候较为明显的国家之一。加之其独特的地貌环境等因素,综合形成了我国寒地地域范围广泛、冬季漫长且寒冷的特点,通过对资料的查阅总结得出,我国寒地冻害研究范围可达国土面积的三分之二。基于以上冻害形成的外在影响,对文物建筑木构系统中的材料(木材、金属、抹灰等)及其材料之间的相互作用进行分析,了解到寒地独特的气候环境对其造成的影响。为了研究冻害对寒地文物建筑木构系统的破坏机理,本文采用了田野调研的方法,对寒地内17个地区、649处、千余栋文物建筑进行实地调研,对其编号、登记、建档,并根据不同类型进行列表、归纳,发现在冻害环境内不同部位或相同部位呈现出开裂、泛碱、倾侧等冻害形态。为了准确分析冻害形态与分布的关系,本文将整个木构系统分为梁架体系、墙体系和非主体结构体系三个大部分,分别总结冻害形成的形式与建筑的部位、类型之间的关系,寻找其中的规律。综合以上已有的数据信息规律了解到,寒地文物建筑木构系统冻害的形成是一个无限循环且又漫长的过程,但以木构系统的冻害形态表现可以大体掌握冻害发展的进程。通过对寒地文物建筑木构系统的材料、环境与构造的综合分析可知,水在冻害发生的整个过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,它由起到主因的冻胀作用致使木构系统出现面层失效、开裂和变形,到次因以溶液的形式对木构件进行破坏,造成木构系统出现变形、泛碱和腐朽的现象,再到起到间接作用,综合并结合以上所有作用和地面融沉,最终导致了文物建筑木构系统出现了倾侧现象。综上所述,文章以寒地文物建筑木构系统的气候环境和材料属性为研究基础,通过对实地调研数据信息的归纳总结,分析得出冻害的形态与位置之间的规律,并基于以上研究最后得出寒地文物建筑木构系统的冻害的形成机理。希望这一课题的研究成果可以为将来寒地文物建筑木构系统的保护与修缮提供针对性的理论基础。
[Abstract]:In ancient and modern China, timber was the main building material. Until 20th century, due to the use of new materials and the emergence of new forms of construction, Timber has only gradually withdrawn as an auxiliary material for buildings. In the third General Survey of Cultural relics in China, the number of buildings with wooden structures accounted for a large proportion of the total number of immovable cultural relic buildings. However, with the passage of time, A large number of cultural relic buildings with wood-structure systems are affected by their own characteristics, regions, climate and environment, etc. The existing situation is not optimistic. China is one of the countries with obvious monsoon climate. Combined with its unique geomorphological environment, it has formed the characteristics of wide range of cold regions, long winter and cold winter in our country. Through the review of the data, it is concluded that the research scope of freezing injury in China can be up to 2/3 of the land area. Based on the external influence of the above freezing injury, the material (wood, metal, etc.) in the wood structure system of the cultural relic building is affected. In order to study the damage mechanism of freezing injury to the wood structure system of cultural relic buildings in cold region, the method of field investigation is adopted in this paper, in order to study the damage mechanism of wood structure system of cultural relic buildings in the cold region by analyzing the interaction between plastering, plastering and other materials, and understanding the influence of the unique climatic environment in cold region on it. More than 1,000 cultural relics buildings in 17 regions of the cold region were investigated on the spot, numbered, registered, documented, and listed according to different types. It was found that cracking and pan-alkali appeared in different parts or the same parts of the frozen environment. In order to accurately analyze the relationship between freezing injury form and distribution, the whole wood structure system is divided into three parts: beam frame system, wall system and non-main structure system. Synthesizing the existing data and information laws, we can understand that the formation of freezing damage in the cold region cultural relic building wood structure system is an infinite cycle and a long process. However, the development process of freezing injury can be grasped by the form of freezing damage of wood structure system. Through the comprehensive analysis of materials, environment and structure of wood structure system of cultural relic buildings in cold region, we can know that, Water plays a vital role in the whole process of freezing injury, from the frost heaving that causes the failure of the surface layer, cracking and deformation of the wood structure system, to the destruction of the wood members in the form of solution. Resulting in deformation, pan-alkali and decay of the wood-structure system, and then playing an indirect role, synthesizing and combining all the above effects and the ground melting and sinking, finally leading to the phenomenon of tilting in the wood-structure system of the cultural relic buildings. To sum up, Based on the climatic environment and material properties of the wood structure system of cultural relic buildings in the cold region, through the induction and summary of the field investigation data information, the law between the form and the location of the freezing injury is obtained. Based on the above research, the formation mechanism of freezing damage of wood structure system of cultural relic building in cold region is obtained. It is hoped that the research results of this subject can provide a theoretical basis for the protection and repair of wood structure system of cultural relic building in cold region in the future.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU366.2

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