公共物品视角下的电梯安全管理研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 06:26

本文选题：公共物品　切入点：电梯　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近三十多年来,中国进入了一个经济持续快速发展和城市化进程快速提升的时期。随着经济发展和城市化的快速推进,电梯的使用量高速增长。据统计,中国的电梯产量、保有量和年增长量均居全球首位,并且以每年20%以上的复合增长率高速增长。截至2013年12月,在电梯的总量方面,中国的电梯总量已经超过300万台,占全世界电梯总量的四分之一；在电梯的增量方面,2013年中国共新增电梯超过55万台,占到当年全世界新增电梯的70%左右。电梯数量的增长体现了城市建设的发展和居民生活质量的提高,但这一数量的爆发式的增长也带来了问题的爆发式增长。各种电梯安全故障和事故时有发生,而且电梯安全一直是媒体和居民关注的焦点,如何对电梯进行行之有效的管理已成为迫在眉睫需要解决的一项新课题。本文采取了文献分析研究法、比较分析法和实证分析法等方法,旨在研究讨论我国电梯安全管理的问题及可行的解决方案。首先对现有不同类别的电梯进行分类,在引入公共物品的分类及供给理论后,对不同类别电梯的物品属性进行了分析。然后介绍我国电梯的现状,对电梯管理理论进行概述,主要包括对电梯管理概念的界定,如电梯的概念和起源、电梯使用单位的概念、电梯管理的概念,以及对电梯安全管理的相关理论的论述。阐述了电梯管理现有的法律体系,包括国家层面及地方层面,并对我国电梯管理模式进行了分析,介绍了我国特种设备检查管理体系以及我国电梯监管的具体操作。本文以镇江市为例,对我国电梯管理存在的问题进行深度剖析,介绍了镇江市电梯管理的现状,包括电梯使用现状及管理现状,分析了目前存在的问题,包括产权归属和权利义务划分不清、责任主体安全意识不强、管理相关方履责不到位、封闭的强制性检验不适应市场化管理、电梯数量增长与政府监管力量不匹配等五类问题。接着,对国外电梯管理模式进行分析,介绍了国外电梯管理的模式,包括美国、德国、日本三个具有代表性的区域,并分析了国外电梯管理模式对我国的借鉴意义。本文在引入公共物品理论的基础上,借鉴国外先进管理实践和经验,针对我国目前电梯管理所存在的问题,提出了对策建议,包括完善法律规范体系、加大执法监督力度,统一权、责、利；分类细化管理方式,划定政府边界,包括纯私人电梯政府逐步退出、居民住宅和营利性公共场所和工厂企业电梯政府实行“底线”管理、非营利性公共场所电梯由政府市场互补运作；推进市场化进程,发挥市场资源支配作用,包括逐步推进电梯检验市场化,以及建立电梯保险制度、使用成本风险定价；转变政府监管方式,提升监管效率,包括减少行政许可、加强事中事后管理,以及运用科技手段、提升监管效能；提高全民安全意识,形成安全共识等。此外,本文提出,在电梯管理过程中,应充分发挥市场及第三部门的作用,政府需要逐步退出,厘清职责,做“有限”政府,划清边界,实施“底线”管理,以“守夜人”的姿态参与此类公共物品供给。本文创新地把公共物品相关理论引入电梯安全管理的研究,特别是借助与公共物品供给理论分门别类的对不同属性的电梯安全管理给出相应的解决方案。本文着重分析政府在电梯这一广义公共物品的供给中的作用,主张发挥市场配置资源的作用,政府承担“守夜人”的角色,达到提高公共物品的供给质量与效率的同时防止出现“市场失灵”的效果,一定程度上填补了目前电梯安全管理研究技术层面居多、内涵研究不够的问题。本文提出的改进电梯安全管理的建议,如区分电梯不同属性分类管理、非盈利性公共场所的电梯采取政府市场互助运行等,对于现实的电梯安全管理具有一定的开拓和指导意义。
[Abstract]:Over the past thirty years, Chinese entered a sustained and rapid economic development and city urbanization period of rapid increase. With the rapid development of economy and city development, the use of high growth in the amount of lift. According to statistics, China elevator output quantity and the annual growth rate ranks first in global, and compound growth more than 20% of the annual rate of rapid growth. As of December 2013, the total number of the total lift, lift China has more than 3 million units, accounting for 1/4 of the total world elevator in the elevator; incremental, 2013 Chinese added a total lift of more than 550 thousand units, accounting for the year of the world new lift around 70%. The number of elevator the growth reflects the development of city construction and the improvement of residents' quality of life, but the number of explosive growth has brought explosive growth problems. All kinds of elevator safety and accident when there is a fault But, the elevator safety is always the focus of attention of the media and residents, how to carry out effective management of elevator has become an imminent new topic need to be solved. This paper uses literature analysis method, comparative analysis method and empirical analysis method, to discuss the elevator safety management in China Problems and possible solutions scheme. A classification of the existing elevator of different categories, the introduction of the theory of public goods and the supply of goods classification, properties of different categories of elevator are analyzed. And then introduce our elevator of the present situation, summarizes the elevator management theory, including the definition of the elevator management concepts, such as the concept and origin of elevator the concept of the use of units of the elevator, elevator management concept, and discusses the related theory of elevator safety management. It expounds the legal system of the existing elevator management, Including the national level and local level, and to our country elevator management mode is analyzed, the system management of China special equipment inspection and specific operation of Chinese elevator supervision. Taking Zhenjiang city as an example, the existing problems of China's elevator management depth analysis, introduces the current situation of Zhenjiang City elevator management. Including the elevator use status and management status, the existing problems are analyzed, including the ownership of property rights and the rights and obligations of division is not clear, the main responsibility for safety awareness is not strong, the management of related party responsibility is not in place, the mandatory inspection closed does not adapt to the management of the market, the number of lift growth and government regulatory power, five kinds of problems. Then, the foreign elevator management mode analysis, introduces foreign elevator management model, including the United States, Germany, Japan, the three representative regions, and analysis of foreign elevator management Model for reference in China. Based on the introduction of the theory of public goods, learn from foreign advanced management practices and experience, in view of our current elevator management problems, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions, including perfecting the legal system, strengthen law enforcement supervision, unified power, responsibility, benefit; classification management the government, designated boundaries, including the pure private elevator government gradually withdraw residential and for-profit public places and factory lift government implemented the "bottom line" management, non-profit public lift by the government market complementary operation; promote the process of market and market resources play a dominant role, including gradually promote the elevator inspection market, and the establishment of elevator the insurance system, the use of cost risk pricing; the change of government regulation, improve regulatory efficiency, including the reduction of administrative licensing, strengthen it in the post management, and The use of technological means to enhance the effectiveness of supervision; improve the safety consciousness, the formation of consensus. In addition, this paper, in the elevator management process, should give full play to the market and the role of the three sector, need to gradually withdraw, clarify the responsibilities of the government, "limited government, to draw the boundary, implementation of the" bottom line "management, participate in such the supply of public goods in the" night watchman "attitude. The innovation of this paper to study the public goods theory into the elevator safety management, especially with the corresponding solution to the elevator safety management are the different attributes of the program be arranged and the supply of public goods theory. This paper focuses on the role of the government in the elevator this broad public goods supply the claim to play the role of market allocation of resources, the government bear the" night watchman "role, to improve the quality and efficiency of the supply of public goods and Prevention Only a "market failure" effect, to a certain extent, to fill the current elevator safety management of the technical level of the majority, the connotation is not enough. To improve the elevator safety management proposed suggestions, such as to distinguish between different attributes of elevator management, non-profit public places to lift government market mutual operation, has the certain development elevator safety management and guiding significance for reality.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU857

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