中国建筑节能潜力及政策体系研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 11:32

本文选题：建筑节能　切入点：节能潜力　出处：《北京理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：从全球范围来看，建筑用能占一次能源消耗的20~40%，在某些发达地区甚至高达45%。中国正处于加快推进工业化、城镇化和新农村建设的关键时期，建筑与工业、交通成为能源使用的三大主力行业，其中又以建筑节能的潜力最为巨大。但是，现有研究对于中国建筑节能的总体状况与政策缺乏明确的阐述与定量分析。本文试图通过多种定性和定量方法的综合运用，对中国建筑节能总体状况进行分析与评价，并有针对性地提出政策建议。首先，运用文献计量方法，对建筑节能领域的文献进行定量化分析与评述，介绍建筑节能的研究现状、热点及趋势。其次，基于全生命周期评价方法，建立中国建筑能源消费计算模型，明确中国建筑能源消费现状及其发展特点。然后，通过不同的政策情景模拟，分析未来中国建筑领域的节能空间及潜力，为合理确定建筑节能目标提供依据。另外，针对中国建筑节能发展中存在的动力不足问题，利用成本效益分析的方法，结合具体的绿色建筑项目案例比较分析，对发展节能建筑的经济性进行阐释，强调建筑节能工作中存在的挑战。最后，将中国现有的建筑节能政策与国外建筑节能政策工具体系进行比较分析，结合中国具体国情及发展中存在的问题，为中国建筑节能的有效落实提供对策性建议，并提出了适合中国特色的建筑节能政策选择。本文分析结果发现：1)中国建筑全生命周期能耗总量呈现不断增长的态势，建筑运行能耗、建筑材料生产能耗以及农村居住建筑能耗应给予重点关注。2)中国建筑节能潜力空间巨大。合适的政策实施强度是有可能减缓甚至逆转中国建筑能耗快速增长的态势。在强化政策实施情景下，建筑部门在2020年、2025年和2030年可分别实现1.3亿、3.1亿和5.5亿tce的节能量。其中，建筑运行阶段的节能潜力占比是最大的，达到了60%~70%。3)中国建筑节能发展动力不足，但可通过信息干预等手段刺激内在动机，通过合理的建筑节能激励机制设计以及可观的经济效益驱动外部节能，从而在双重动力作用下加快发展建筑节能。4)中国建筑节能政策目标应从“提高能效”转向“总量控制”，，且采取强制性与自愿性政策组合使用效果最优。这些研究结果将有助于中国建筑节能工作的进一步深化，对于中国的快速城镇化建设以及长远的可持续发展具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Globally, construction energy accounts for 20% of primary energy consumption, and even up to 45% in some developed regions. China is in the critical period of accelerating industrialization, urbanization and new rural construction, construction and industry. Transportation has become the three major energy use industries, among which the potential of building energy conservation is the greatest. The present research is lack of clear explanation and quantitative analysis on the overall situation and policy of building energy conservation in China. This paper attempts to analyze and evaluate the overall situation of building energy conservation in China through the comprehensive application of many qualitative and quantitative methods. Firstly, using the method of literature measurement, the paper makes quantitative analysis and comment on the literature in the field of building energy conservation, and introduces the research status, hot spots and trends of building energy conservation. Based on the whole life cycle evaluation method, the calculation model of Chinese architectural energy consumption is established, and the current situation and development characteristics of China's architectural energy consumption are clarified. Then, through different policy scenarios, This paper analyzes the energy saving space and potential in the future construction field in China, and provides the basis for reasonably determining the building energy saving target. In addition, the method of cost-benefit analysis is used to solve the problem of insufficient power in the development of building energy conservation in China. Based on the comparative analysis of specific green building projects, this paper explains the economy of the development of energy-saving buildings, and emphasizes the challenges in building energy-saving work. By comparing the existing building energy conservation policy in China with the foreign building energy conservation policy tool system, combining the specific situation of China and the problems existing in the development, this paper provides some suggestions for the effective implementation of building energy conservation in China. And put forward the choice of building energy saving policy suitable for Chinese characteristics. The results of this paper show that the total energy consumption of Chinese architecture in the whole life cycle is increasing, and the energy consumption of building operation is increasing. The energy consumption of building materials production and rural residential buildings should be paid more attention to. 2) the potential of building energy conservation in China is huge. The appropriate policy implementation intensity is likely to slow down or even reverse the rapid growth of building energy consumption in China. In the context of strengthening policy implementation, In 2020, 2025 and 2030, the construction sector can achieve energy saving of 130 million, 310 million and 550 million tce, respectively. However, it can stimulate internal motivation through information intervention, and drive external energy conservation through reasonable design of energy saving incentive mechanism and considerable economic benefits. In order to accelerate the development of building energy conservation under the action of dual motive force, the policy goal of building energy conservation in China should be changed from "improving energy efficiency" to "total quantity control", and the combination of mandatory and voluntary policies should be adopted to achieve the best results. The results will be helpful to further deepen the work of building energy conservation in China. For China's rapid urbanization and long-term sustainable development is of great significance.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU201.5;TU111.195

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