用于地下建筑的太阳光智能照明系统的设计

发布时间：2018-03-29 01:10

本文选题：地下建筑照明　切入点：太阳光照明　出处：《陕西科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前我国建筑能耗已经占到社会能源消耗的30%左右,其中照明能耗约占建筑能耗的20%~40%。建筑的地下空间因长时间处于无自然光照的环境下,照明耗电量更大。利用太阳光照明是建筑节能的一个重要发展方向。目前地下建筑利用太阳光进行照明分为间接方式(光—电—光)和直接方式(光—光)两种。间接方式就是通过光—电—光能量转换来进行照明的光伏照明系统,它具有照明效果稳定,不受日照时间限制等优点,但其系统成本很高且能量转换效率低。直接方式又分为如开设采光天窗这类传统采光照明方式和利用光的反射、折射等光学原理传输太阳光到达地下空间进行照明的方式两种,传统采光照明方式投资成本低,易实现,维护费用低,但其照明效果差,而后者光能利用率较高,但成本也相对较高。所以目前还没有任何一种利用太阳光能照明的方式能在成本、能量利用率、和照明效果等多方面都取得满意的结果。本文所设计的照明系统是一种综合太阳光直接照明和电光源照明为一体的互补型照明系统,该系统以太阳光直接照明为主,电光源照明为辅,且能根据实际的情况相互补充与自动调节,以便能获得更好的照明效果和满足更多的照明场合。同时,系统力求在满足建筑照明设计要求的情况下,降低设计成本,提高光能利用率。本文的主要工作可总结为如下几个方面:(1)完成地下建筑太阳光照明系统的总体方案设计。太阳光直接照明部分主要解决地下空间白天的照明需求,是该系统的主要部分,包括集光器、导光器、反光镜、光导管、漫射照明终端和相应的自动控制系统。集光器(聚调光器)是用于实现在环境光照不足的情况下,使系统能收集更多的太阳光,属于系统可选部分。导光器和反光镜是用于实现把不同方向的太阳光定向输送到光导管内,是系统实现太阳光照明的重要组成部分。导光管是嵌于建筑内的光传输通道,漫射终端是实现让照明空间无眩光且照度均匀的装置,自动控制系统负责整个系统的正常运作和照明方式的切换,包括信号采集与处理,装置的驱动控制等。(2)完成系统主要装置的机械结构设计和调试。实现集光器汇聚和调整太阳光的功能,重点实现导光器与反光镜配合能有效的定向传输平行太阳光,使得太阳光在光导管内能最大程度减少在传输路径中的损耗。(3)完成相应控制系统的软硬件设计。导光器与反光镜的配合传光、智能调光都需要由相应的控制系统控制实现,整个控制系统包括各模块的软硬件设计,使之能实现准确的采集太阳光信号并处理,实现驱动电机完成相应机械装置动作的光电型跟踪过程和视日轨迹跟踪过程,实现监测与显示,智能调光等等功能。最终实现系统在地下建筑内具有良好照明效果的目的。
[Abstract]:At present, the building energy consumption in our country has already accounted for about 30% of the social energy consumption, of which lighting energy consumption accounts for about 20% of the building energy consumption. The underground space of the building is in the absence of natural light for a long time. The use of solar lighting is an important development direction of building energy conservation. At present, underground buildings can be divided into indirect (light-electric-light) and direct-mode (light-light) lighting. The indirect way is to use photovoltaic lighting systems that convert light-electro-optical energy. It has the advantages of stable lighting effect and no restriction of sunshine time, but its system cost is very high and its energy conversion efficiency is low. Refraction and other optical principles transfer sunlight to underground space for illumination. The traditional lighting mode has low investment cost, easy to realize and low maintenance cost, but its lighting effect is poor, and the latter has a high utilization rate of light energy. But the cost is also relatively high. So there is no way of using solar energy to illuminate at the cost, the energy utilization rate, The lighting system designed in this paper is a kind of complementary lighting system which integrates direct solar lighting and electric lighting. The electric light source is auxiliary, and can complement each other and adjust automatically according to the actual situation, so as to obtain better lighting effect and meet more lighting situations. At the same time, the system strives to meet the requirements of architectural lighting design. Reduce design costs, The main work of this paper can be summarized as follows: 1) to complete the overall design of solar lighting system in underground buildings. The direct solar lighting mainly solves the lighting requirement of underground space during the day. Is a major part of the system, including a collector, a light guide, a reflector, a light tube, a diffuse lighting terminal and a corresponding automatic control system. Enables the system to collect more solar light, which is an optional part of the system. Light guides and reflectors are used to orient sunlight in different directions into the tube. The light guide tube is the light transmission channel embedded in the building, and the diffuse terminal is the device to realize the illumination space without glare and the illumination is even. The automatic control system is responsible for the normal operation of the whole system and the switching of lighting modes, including signal acquisition and processing. The drive and control of the device complete the mechanical structure design and debugging of the main device of the system, realize the function of gathering and adjusting the solar light of the light collector, and focus on the realization of the effective directional transmission of parallel solar light by the light guide and reflector. The design of the software and hardware of the corresponding control system can be completed by reducing the loss in the transmission path to the maximum extent. The coordination of the light guide and the reflector in the transmission of light, the intelligent dimming of light should be controlled by the corresponding control system. The whole control system includes the hardware and software design of each module, so that it can accurately collect and process the solar light signal, and realize the photoelectric tracking process and the diurnal track tracking process of driving motor to complete the corresponding mechanical device action. The functions of monitoring and display, intelligent dimming and so on are realized. Finally, the system has good lighting effect in underground buildings.
【学位授予单位】：陕西科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU964;TK519

【参考文献】