基于建筑设计的居住建筑外立面火灾竖向蔓延探讨

发布时间：2018-04-05 19:17

  本文选题：居住建筑　切入点：火灾蔓延　出处：《天津大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：目前,在居住建筑外立面的防火设计中,无论从规范还是从设计角度都将目光和思路局限在建筑外墙保温材料的不燃性能上,而从建筑设计本身的角度去思考和阻止居住建筑外立面的火灾蔓延可谓少之又少。建筑师在建筑立面防火方面的职责被边缘化,立面防火设计成为材料设计的附属品。本文以阻止住宅建筑外立面火灾蔓延为研究目标,提出在不依靠保温材料不燃性的前提下,通过建筑设计的手法及对立面元素整合设计,从而达到阻止建筑立面火灾蔓延效果的防火思路。将建筑外立面防火以建筑设计的方法解决。主要工作和结论如下:(1)借助数值模拟软件FDS模拟分析了居住平面形式的差异对建筑外立面火灾蔓延的影响,通过温度、速度和CO浓度的对比得出L型平面形式、凹槽平面形式对建筑外立面的影响,并对比标准平面形式(矩形平面)判断其是否可以阻止或者减缓居住建筑外立面火灾蔓延。同时通过温度、烟气蔓延速度和CO浓度的对比模拟分析了凹槽式平面建筑中只改变凹槽进深或者面宽对建筑外立面火灾蔓延的影响。(2)借助数值模拟软件FDS,通过与普通外窗的温度、速度和CO浓度对比,得出飘窗模型在火灾发生时,对建筑外立面火灾蔓延的影响。同时针对保持飘窗下檐挑出外墙长度不变(400mm)而改变上檐挑出外墙的长度(500mm、600mm、700mm),保持飘窗上檐挑出外墙长度不变(400mm)而改变下檐挑出外墙的长度(500mm、600mm、700mm)以及飘窗上、下檐挑出外墙的长度均改变(500mm、600mm、700mm)三种类型的模型进行温度、烟气蔓延速度和CO浓度对比,得出飘窗上檐挑出、飘窗下檐挑出、飘窗上、下檐一起挑出三种情况的飘窗在居住建筑发生火灾时对建筑外立面火灾蔓延的影响,并且通过温度、烟气蔓延速度和CO浓度对比,模拟分析了飘窗高度与窗槛墙高度的不同比值以及飘窗宽度与窗间墙宽度的不同比值对居住建筑外立面火灾竖向蔓延的影响。(3)选取矩形平面形式的居住类建筑,通过对飘窗、阳台、防火挑檐的整合设计,提出由建筑设计的手法使得居住建筑外立面的火灾蔓延得到有效的阻隔或者减缓。
[Abstract]:At present, in the fire prevention design of the exterior facades of residential buildings, both from the standard and from the design point of view, the vision and ideas are limited to the non-combustible properties of the thermal insulation material of the exterior wall of the building.From the angle of architectural design, it is rare to think and prevent the fire spread on the outer facade of residential buildings.Architects' responsibilities in building facade fire prevention have been marginalized, and facade fire-proof design has become an adjunct to material design.The aim of this paper is to prevent the spread of fire on the outer facade of residential buildings. It is proposed that the design of the exterior facade of residential buildings should be carried out by means of architectural design and the integration of opposite elements without relying on the nonflammability of thermal insulation materials.In order to prevent the building facade fire spread effect of fire prevention ideas.The fire prevention of the exterior facade of the building is solved by the method of architectural design.The main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) by using the numerical simulation software FDS, this paper analyzes the influence of the difference of residential plane form on the fire spread of the building's outer facade, and obtains the L-shape plane form by comparing the temperature, velocity and CO concentration.The influence of grooves on the exterior facade of the building is compared with that of the standard plane (rectangular plane) to determine whether it can prevent or slow down the spread of fire on the outer facade of residential buildings.At the same time, through the temperature,The comparison and analysis of smoke spread velocity and CO concentration. The influence of only changing the depth or width of the groove on the fire spread of the outer facade of the building is analyzed by means of the numerical simulation software FDS, and the temperature of the outside window is compared with that of the common outer window.By comparing the velocity with CO concentration, the influence of floating window model on the fire spread on the outer facade of the building is obtained.The length of the outer wall of the lower eaves was all changed by changing the length of the outer wall of 500mm / 600mm / 700mm) the temperature, the velocity of smoke spread and the concentration of CO were compared between the three types of models. It was concluded that the upper eaves of the floated window, the lower eaves of the floated windows, and the upper ones of the floated windows,Under the eaves together to pick out three cases of floating windows in residential buildings when the fire on the building facade fire spread, and through the temperature, smoke spread speed and CO concentration comparison,This paper simulates and analyzes the influence of the different ratio of the height of floating window to the height of sill wall and the ratio of the width of floating window to the width of wall between windows on the vertical spread of fire on the outer facade of residential building.The integrated design of balcony and fire-proof eaves puts forward that the fire spread on the outer facade of residential buildings can be effectively blocked or slowed down by architectural design.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU998.1
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本文编号：1716133